FAMILY, XL— GLYPHIDODONTID^. 377 



Family, XL— GLYPHIDODONTID^,* Cantor. 



Saicenoidei, pt., Cuv. ; Lahroidei ctenoidd, Miiller ; Ctenolahridce, Owen ; Pomacemtridce, G-iinther, 

 Branchiostegals from five to seven : pseudobranchise present. Gills three and a half. Eyes lateral. 

 Body more or less short and compressed. Bones of head variously armed or smooth. Teeth in jaws 

 feeble, palate edentulous : inferior pharyngeal bones coalescing, with or without a median longitudinal 

 suture. Some of the dorsal, anal, and ventral rays unarticulated, forming spines. A single dorsal fin with 

 the spines equal in number to or somewhat less than the rays, very rarely more : the soft anal similar to the 

 • soft dorsal, and with two or three spines : ventrals thoracic, with one spine and five rays. Scales ctenoid. 

 Air-vessel present, and destitute of any pneumatic duct. Pyloric appendages few. 



Geographical distribution. — Seas of Lidia and tropical seas. A few extending into extra tropical regions. 



SYNOPSIS OF GENERA. 



1. Amphiprion. Opercles and preorbital serrated or denticulated. Teeth in a single row. Indian Ocean 

 and beyond. 



2. Prenmas. Opercles serrated : preorbital armed with one or two spines. Teeth in a single row. 

 Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



3. Tetrad/radmvwm. Preopercle serrated, and sometimes the preorbital. Teeth in a viUiform band. 

 Red Sea, east coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



4. Pomaeentrus. Preopercle serrated, and sometimes the preorbital. Teeth in a single row. Red Sea, 

 east coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. ' 



6. Glyphidodon. None of the opercles serrated. Teeth in a single row. Red Sea, east coast of Africa, 

 seas of India, to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



6. Heliastes. None of the opercles serrated. Teeth conical. Tropical seas, also found in the 

 Mediterranean. 



Genus, 1 — Amphipeion, Bl. ScJm. 



Goracinus, sp. Gronov. ; ProcMlus, (Klein) , Cuv. 



Branchiostegals five : pseudobromchice. A II the opercles and preorbital are denticulated, the teething on the 

 opercle and suboperole beimg almost spinate. Teeth in the jaws in one row, conical and small. Scales of moderate 

 or rather small size. Dorsal fin with from, 9 to 11 spines : anal with- two. Lateral-line ceases in a tubular 

 form below the end of the dorsal fm, or is continued lower down in the form of a simple orifice in each scale. 

 Air-vessel present. Pyloric appendages few. 



The fishes forming this Genus have as a rule very vivid and decided colouring, vertical bands of a more 

 or less white tint being present in the majority. It appears very probable that some of the species founded on 

 colours, are merely varieties. The caudal fin seems more rounded in the young than in the adults. 



Geographical distribution. — Red Sea, east coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago 

 and western portions of the Pacific. 



SYNOPSIS OP SPECIES. 



i. Amphiprion ephippimn, D. \^m, A. -^^^j, L. 1. 60-55, L. tr. 7/18. Dull yellow, with a dark blotch 

 on the side. Andamans to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



2. Amphiprion frenatus, D. ifl+f, A. Tir?TT> L. 1. 50-55, L. tr. 7/18. Dull yellow, with a dark blotch on 

 the side and a narrow white band from the nape over the opercles. Andamans to the Malay Archipelago 

 and beyond. 



3. Amphiprion Sebrn, D. iflfi-, A. i^y,-, L. 1. 50-55, L. tr. 6/18. Dark, with two white bands, one from 

 nape over opercles, the second from the middle of dorsal fin down the side, it is also continued along the upper 

 third of the soft dorsal. End of free portion of tail and caudal fin yellow. Andamans to the Malay 

 Archipelago and beyond. 



4. Amphiprion Glarhii, D. if, A. t^, L. 1. 65, L. tr. 6-7/19. Dark, with three white cross bands : snout, 

 chest, pectoral, and caudal yeUow. Ceylon to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



* Muller separated as FharyngognatU, the families having fke inferior pharyngeal hones comhined as in Fomacmirida, 

 Ldbridm, and ChronMes, from the rest of the Acanthopterygians, a division which does not hold good on a more extended investigation 

 Thus, Genus Gerres was found to have these bones as in the Pharyngognathi, but Kner (Wien. Sitz. Iviii, p. 301) has observed 

 that Gerres maarosoma is an exception, having them separated, and Professor Peters has recorded the same tact in G. plmmen. 

 and several East Indian species. They are coalesced in some of the QobiidcB, not so in others. 



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