FAMILY, XLI— LABRID^, 391 



17. Scarichthys. Teeth in one row anteriorly soldered together, row in mandibles oblique. Dorsal with 

 nine spines. Scales large, a row on cheek. Lateral-line continuous. Red Sea, seas of India to the Malay 

 Archipelago and beyond. 



18. Gallyodon. Teeth anteriorly imbricated. Dorsal fin with nine, anal with two spines. Scales 

 large, a single row on cheeks. Lateral-line strongly bent or interrupted. Red Sea, seas of India. 



19. Pseudosearus. Upper jaw slightly projecting beyond the lower. Anterior teeth soldered together in 

 quincuncial order. Dorsal fin with nine, anal with two or three spines. Scales large, two or more rows on the 

 cheeks. Lateral-line continuous. Tropical seas. 



Genus, 1 — Ch^rops, Buppell. 



Gossyphus, sp. Cuv. and Val. ; Chowodon and GossypJwdes, Bleeker ; Sypsigenys, Giinther. 



Brcmehiostegals five or six : pseudolrcmchice. Body oblong, compressed. Snout oUuse. Freopercle eerraied 

 or entire. The four anterior tepf^ corneal amd free, whilst the lateral cmes are more or less confluent m an osseous 

 ridge, a posterior canine tooth,^ occasionally two, may he present ; inferior pharyngeal teeth not confhient or pa/Dement- 

 lihe. A single dorsal fin with more spines (thirteen) than rays (seven) : amal with three spines and more rays 

 thoM the soft dorsal (9-10). Scales large : cheehs high, covered with small scales, which usually are not imbricated : 

 opercles scaled. Vertical fins with scaly bases : no enlarged row at base of camdal. Lateral-line continuous. 



Geographical distribution. — ^From the Red Sea and East coast of Africa through the seas of India to the 

 Malay Archipelago and Australia. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDTJAL SPECIES. 



1. Gharops amchorago, D. 13/7, A. 3/9, L. 1. 29-30. Red spots over the cheeks : a white vertical band 

 down the sides from'the bases of the fourth to the sixth dorsal spines. Andamans to the Malay Archipelago. 



1. Chaerops anchorage, Plate LXXXTI, fig. 5. 



Sparus amchorago, Bloch. v, p. 108, t. 276 ; Bl. Schn. p. 276. 

 Gossyphus amchorago, Trosch. Wiegm. Arch. 1840, p. 279. 

 Ghoerops anchorago, Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 96. 



B. vi, D. V, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. 3/9, C. 14, L. 1. 29-30, L. tr. 3|/9. 



Length of head 3| to 3f , of caudal 6| to 7, height of body SJ to 3| in the total length. Eyes — high up, 

 diameter 4| to 6 in the length of head, 2 diameters from end of snout, and 1 J apart. Profile from eye to snout 

 rather abrupt. Height of head equals its length. Preopercle finely serrated. Teeth — a posterior canine in 

 adults. Scales — on cheeks numerous, but scarcely imbricated. Golours — cheeks brownish, shot with yellow, 

 and covered with scarlet spots. Back brownish, with a white vertical band descending from the bases of about 

 the fourth to the sixth dorsal spines to below the last third of the pectoral : a light band over the free portion 

 of the tail behind the base of the dorsal fin. In some specimens there are two to four wide dark cross bands. 

 Dorsal fin with two dark bands and another descending down the first four rays to the back : posteriorly it 

 is yellow and edged superiorly with orange : the other fins yellowish, a band along the ventral and sometimes 

 a brown base to the pectoral. 



Professor Peters Monats, Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 1868, p. 270, observes that this species is identical with 

 G. macrodon, Bleeker, or Labrus maorodontus, Lacep. iii, pp. 451, 522 ; Cuv. and Val. xiii, p. 98 ; Ghxrops 

 meleagris, Riippell, Ver' j^Mus. Senck. Fische, p. 20 ; Gossyphus macrodon, Bleeker, Labr. p. 10 ; Chcerops 

 macrodon, Giinther, G iiv, p. 94 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 248. 



Habitat. — ^AJndaj. ^ to the Malay Archipelago. It attains a large size, the one figure^ is 8*5 inches in 

 length. 



Genus, 2 — Cosstphus,* Gtmer and Val. 



Harpe, Lepidoplois, and Pvmelometopon, Gill. 



Branchiostegals six : pseuddbramchicB. Body oblong, compressed. Snout more or less pointed. Preopercle 

 serrated or entire. Thefov/r anterior teeth conical and free : the lateral teeth m a single row, whilst a posterior canine 

 is as a rule present : inferior pharyngeal teeth not confluent or pa/vement-like. A single dorsal fm with more spines 

 (11-13) tham, rays (9-11) : the anal with three spines amd more rays (10-14) tham the soft dorsal. Scales of 

 -moderate size, those on the cheeks amd opercles imbricated : the bases of the vertical fms scaled. No enlarged row of 

 scales at the base of the caudal fin. Lateral-line continuous. 



Geographical distribution. — ^Red Sea, East coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago, and 

 nearly all intertropical and adjacent seas. 



The colours would seem to be subject to considerable variation in the same species. As a rule we find 

 the dorsal fin has only twelve spines. 



• Cossyphm as a Generic name has been frequently employed : by Fabr. in Coleop. 1792 ; Dnmeril in Birds, 1802 ^ Val. in 

 Fishes, 1839 ; and ten years later by McClelland, who instituted this Generic term for a mutilated specimeu of Clao-ias. 



