422 ANACAl^THINI. 



didamt teeth in either jaw, the miterior of the inner row in the mamMlle being received into a groove anterior to the 

 vomer : teeth present on vomer mid palate. Dorsal fin commencvng on the nwpe. Most of the dorsal and wnal rays 

 hranched. Scales small, ctenoid. LateralMne gradually descends to the straight portion. 



Geographical distribution.— bom the west coast of Africa, through the seas of India to the Malay- 

 Archipelago and beyond. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. Psettodes erumei, D. 47-66, A. 35-41, L. 1. 70,75. Either right or left side coloured, and vertically 

 banded or not so, 



1. Psettodes erumei, Plate XCI, fig. 4. 



Pleuronectes erumei, Bl. Schn. p. 150. 



Pleuronectes adalah, Eussell, Fish. Yiz. i, pp. 58, 59, and Woree nalaha, pis. 75, ll. 



Hippoglossus erumd, Cuv. Regne, Anim. ; Riippell, Atl. Pische, p. 121, and N. W. Fische, p, 84 ; Cantor, 

 Catal. p. 216 ; Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiy, Pleuroneo. p. 13. 



Hippoglossus nalaha, Cuv. Regne Anim. 



Hippoglossus dentex, Richards. Voy. Sulphur, Fish. p. 102, pi. 47, 



Hippoglossus firthorhynohus, Richard. Ich. Chiua, p. 278, 



f Psettodes Belcheri, Benn. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 147. 



Psettodes erumei, Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 402 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 282 ; Klunz, Verh. ?. b. Ges. Wien, 

 1871, p, 570. 



Sphagomorus Belcheri, Cope, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. xiii, p. 407, 



B. vii, D. 47-66, P. 16, V. 6, A. 35-41, 0. 17, L. 1. 70-75, 



Length of head 4^, height of body 2| in the total length, JEJyes—'ddaxo.etev 6 in the length of head, and 

 usually divided by a mere ridge, 1 J diameters from end of snout. Lower jaw much the longer : the maxilla 

 4/5 of the length of the head. Teeth — strong, barbed at their extremities. Fins — ^most of the dorsal and anal 

 rays branched : central caudal rays rather the longest, Golows — this fish may be coloured on either the left or 

 the right side. Brownish or purpHsh-black, with the vertical fins edged with white : a Hghtish band usually 

 present across the free portion of the taU. Cross b^nds have likewise been observed. 



Habitat. — West coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and China. It attains at least 

 16 inches in length. 



Genus, 2 — Cithaeichthts, Bleeder. 

 Psettichthys, Girard. 



, Gill-membranes broadly united at the throat. Cleft of mouth wide, and equally developed on both sides : the 

 maxilla more than one-third of the length of the head. Eyes on the left side amd on the same level. Teeth in 

 jaws in a single row, without canines ; none on vomer or palatines. Dorsal fin commences on the snout, and 

 is not confluent with the caudal ; its rays simple. Pectorals present. Scales small, deciduous, ctenoid or cycloid. 

 Dateral-line straight. 



Geographical distribution. — Madras, tropical parts of Atlantic. 



SYNOPSIS OP INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. CitharicUhys aureus, D. 82, A. 70, L. 1. 83. First dorsal ray elongated. Orange, with dark marks, 

 Madras, 



I. Citharichthys aureus, Plate XC, fig. 3. 



B. vi, D. 82, P. 10, V. 6, A. 70, C. 15, L. 1. 83. 



Length of head 4|, height of body 2| in the total length. Hyes— on the left side, diameter 6 in the 

 length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and also apart : the upper not in advance of the lower. Jaws of 

 equal length anteriorly : height of head 1/4 more than its length. The maxiUa 2/5 of the length of the head, 

 and reachmg to below the front edge of the eyes. Teeth— in a single row in the jaw, no canines: none (?) on 

 the palate. Fins — anterior dorsal spine elongated, commencing on the snout, and beiug rather longer than 

 the head, the middle dorsal rays are 2/3 of the length of the head. Dorsal and anal not united to the caudal, 

 which IS pointed. Two short ventrals not united to anal. Both pectorals present, but short. No pre-anal 

 spme. Lateral-lme—two on the coloured side, straight, divided by about 13 rows. of scales, which latter are 

 cycloid : fin-rays not scaled. OoZo^re— orange, with two brown blotches on the lateral-line, and some cloudy 

 markmgs on the body : vertical fin with dark edges. 



Habitat.— MaAraa, where this single specime^ was captured. Owing to its small size it is impossible to 

 say whether it has or has not teeth on the palate. 



^, „. frenus, 3 — Psepdoeh,ombtjs, Bleeker. 



Uhmnopsetta, Gili, 



Pramhiosteg(^ls siys. Cleft of mouth deep, the mmilh leing usually nearly half as long as the head. 



