476 PHYSOSTOMI. 



Geographical distribution. — Sind, India, Ceylon, Burma, througli Siam, to tte-Malay ArcHipelago and 

 China. 



Uses. — AlthoTigli rarely exceeding a foot in length, these fishes are excellent as food, and owing to their 

 quality have been termed " Butter-fish" by Europeans in Bengal, and are generally known as " Pufia," Hind. 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



A. Anal fin imited to the caudal. 

 Teeth on the palate m an uninterrupted hand, 



1. Gallichrous Qamgeticus, D. 2, A. 76. Maxillary barbels not quite so long as the head. Ganges. 



Vomerine teeth in two sepa/rate patches. 



2. Gallichrous Sindensis, D. 4, A. 45; Maxillary barbels reach middle of pectoral fin. Indus in Sind. 



B. Anal fin distinct from the caudal. 



3. Gallichrous bimaculatus, A. 60-76, V. 8. Maxillary barbels reach ventral fin. Pectoral not so long as 

 head, spine smooth or serrated. Fresh waters of Sind, India, Ceylon, and Burma to the Malay Archipelago 

 and China. 



4. Gallichrous paho, A. 66-71, V. 9-10. Maxillary barbels shorter than the head. Pectoral spine feebly 

 serrated. Jumna, Ganges, and Burmese rivers. 



5. Gallichrous macrophthahrms, A. 69-73, V. 8. Eyes large. Maxillary barbels reach iniddle of fish. 

 Pectoral fin reaches fourth or fifth anal ray. Madras, Assam, and Burma. 



6. Gallichrous Malaharictes, A. 61-69, V. 8. Maxillary barbels reach anal fin : of a purplish brown 

 colour. Malabar coast of India. 



7. Gallichrous pabda, A. 54-60, V. 8. MaxiUary barbels reach middle or end of pectoral fim. Sind, 

 Punjaub, Gangetic provinces, sub-Himalayan range, Assam and Orissa. 



A. AnalfiM united to the caudal. 



Vomerine teeth in am uninterrupted band. 



1. Callichrons Grangeticus. 



Pterocryptis Oangetica, Peters, Mon. Berl. Acad. 1861, p. 712. 

 Gryptopterus Gangetica, Giinther, Catal. v, p. 44. 



B. xii, D. 2, P. 1/12, V. 10, A. 75. 



Length of head nearly 1/7, height of body 2/19 of the total length. Maxillary barbels do not quite 

 reach the pectorals, whilst the mandibular ones reach the edge of the gill-membran-e. Fins^ — pectoral spine 

 feebly serrated : anal united with the caudal. 



Habitat. — Ganges. I have not procured this species in India, my nearest approach to it being G. Sindensis. 



2. Vomerine teeth in two separate patches. 

 2. Callichrous Sindensis, Plate CX, fig. 1. 



B. xii, D. 4, P. 1/12, V. 8, A. 47 (A), C. 13. 



Length of head 4|, of caudal 7, heigtt of body 4f in the total length. Eyes — diameter 4J in length of 

 head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 2 apart. The dorsal profile rather elevated, and a little concave over 

 the orbits. The greatest width of the head equals its height, or its length excluding the snout. Cleft of mouth 

 very oblique, the lower jaw prominent, and the eye situated rather above the angle of the mouth. Barbels— 

 the maxillary ones reach to the middle of the pectoral fin : the mandibular ones are thin and nearly half as long 

 as the head. Teeth — in two small oval patches on the vomer not confluent in the median line. Fins — dorsal 

 narrow at its base. Pectoral spine as long in the head behind the middle of the eyes and finely serrated internally, 

 the fin reaches to nearly above the commencement of the anal. Ventral reaches the first anal ray. Anal united 

 to the caudal. Golours — silvery, with a black spot behind the gill-opening and above the base of the pectoral 

 fin, body and fins with numerous clpudy dark markings. 



Eabitat. Sind from the Indus. The single specimen is figured life size. 



3. Callichrous bimaculatus, Plate CX, figs. 4 and 5. 



Silwms bimaculatus, Blooh, t. 364 ; Bl. Schn. p. 377 ; McClell. Cal. J. N. H. iv, p. 401 • Jerdon, M. J. L. 

 and Sc. 1849, p. 334. 



Ompok siluroides, Lacep. v, p. 50, vi, t. i, f. 2. 



Silurus chechra, canio, and duda, Ham. Buch. Pish. Ganges, pp. 161, 152, 375. 



Silurus rrdcroc&phalus and bimaculatus, Cuv. and Yal. xiv, pp. 360, 365. 



Silurus Mysoricus, Cuv. and Val. xiv, p. 364 ; McClelland, Cal. J. N. Hist, iv, p. 402. 



GalUehrus immaculatus, nebulosus, and afinis, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 306. 



Silurus Indians, McClelland, Cal. Joum'.'Nat. Hist, ii, p. 683. 



Schilbepabo, Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii, p. 367 (not Silurus pabo, H. B.) 



