494 PHYSOSTOMI. 



in its gill-membranes not being confluent witb a broad isthmus but rather deeply notched. It is allied in some 

 respects to Macrones, but has no teeth on the palate, whilst its air-vessel is enclosed in bone. 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



1. Nangra Buchcmani, D. i A. 10-11. Muddy colour. Indus, Ganges and Jumna river. 



2. Nangra punctata, D. i A. 11-12. Coppery, glossed with gold and having black blotches. Sone 

 river at Bheer Bhoom. 



3. Nangra vvridescens, D. \, A. 11. Two greenish bands descend from the back. Northern Bengal and 

 the Deccan. 



1. Nangra Buchanani, Plate CXIII, fig. 3. j 

 Pimelodus nangra, Ham. Buoh. Pish. Ganges, pp. 193, 378, pi. xi, f. 63 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 58. 

 Macrones nangra, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 288. 



D. i/0, P. 1/9, V. 6, A. 10-11 (f:f), 0. 17. 



Length of head and caudal fin from 4^ to 6, height of body 6 in the total length. Eyes — rather high 

 up, in the anterior half of the head and covered with skia, 1^ diameters from end of snout. The greatest width 

 of the head equals its length excluding the snout. Upper jaw considerably the longer, snout rather depressed, 

 mouth wide. Median longitudinal groove deep, extending to the occipital process up which it is continued, the 

 occipital process 3 times longer than wide at its base and extending to the basal bone of the dorsal fin. 

 Barhels' — the nasal longer than the head, the maxillary reach the vent, or even end of anal fin, external 

 mandibular the base of the ventral, and the internal (which arise in front and to inner edge of the external ones) 

 the base of the pectoral. Teeth — none on the palate. Fins — dorsal spine weak and entire, half as long as the 

 head in the very young, longer in larger specimens : the length of the base of the adipose dorsal equals that of 

 the anal, or the interspace between its commencement and the end of the base of the rayed fin : pectoral spine 

 moderately strong, with nine coarse denticulations internally, it is as long as the head without the snout : 

 caudal deeply forked, lobes of equal length and pointed. Air-vessel — in two oval portions, each of which is 

 enclosed in a thin bony capsule which has a round orifice on the outer side. Colours — muddy, with three 

 indistinct vertical greenish half bands. 



JIabitat. — Ganges, Jumna, and Indus, attaining two inches in length. The specimen figured was from 

 Delhi. 



2. Nangra punctata, Plate CXV. fig. 8. 

 B. V, D. I-/0, P. 1/8, y. 6, A. 11-12 (V), C. 18. 



Length of head 4, of caudal 6 j, height of body 6 J in the total length. Byes — diameter 4| in the length 

 of head, 1^ diameters from the end of snout, and If apart. , The greatest width of the head equals its length 

 behind the angle of the mouth. Snout compressed, overhanging the mouth, which latter is transverse. GUI- 

 openings rather wide, the skin not confluent with that of the isthmus. The median longitudinal groove on the 

 head deep, with raised sides, extending to the base of occipital process, which is four times as long as wide, and 

 almost reaches the basal bone. Osseous processes from back of skull and above base of pectoral fin well 

 developed. Barbels — the maxillary reach the base of the pectoral spine : the mandibular ones are shorter than 

 the head, the internal pair placed anterior to the external pair. The nasal pair are rudimentary or wanting. 

 Teeth — those in the upper jaw placed anterior to the lower jaw. Fins — dorsal spine strong, smooth, half as 

 long as the head. Pectoral spine very strong, as long as the head behind the angle of the mouth, and with 

 about 12 denticulations internally ; it is roughened in its lower half externally. Colours — coppery, glossed with 

 gold on the sides ; a black blotch on occiput, and three or four along the back descending half way down the 

 sides. A black band on dorsal, and some black markings on the caudal. 



This fish in appearance is very similar to the young of Gagata cenia, but may be at once recognised by 

 the position of the barbels, and broader head. 



Habitat. — I captured two specimens of the same size in the Sone river at Bheer Bhoom, in BengaL 



3. Nangra viridescens, Plate CXV, fig. 7. 



PimelodMs viridescens. Ham. Buch. Pish. Ganges, pp. 173, 376, pi. xi, f. 56; Bleeker, Bengal, p. 58. 

 Huddah, Hind. 



D. i/D, P. 1/8, V. 6, A. 11 (I), C. 21. 



Length of head 4 to 4 J, of caudal 5, height of body 6 in the total length. Fyes — diameter 4 in the 

 length of the head, If diameters from the end of snout, and 1 apart. The greatest width of the head equals its 

 length behind the angle of the mouth. Snout overhanging the mouth, which is transverse. GiLl-openings wide, 

 the membranes being notched. Median longitudinal groove on the head deep, having raised edges, and reaching 

 the base of the occipital process, which latter is three times as long as wide, and does not quite reach the basal 

 bone. Osseous processes from occiput and over base of pectoral fin well developed. Barbels— the maxiUary 

 reach the root of the pectoral spine : the two inner mandibular ones are anterior to the external pair. Teeth— 

 none on the palate. J?'m«— dorsal spin« strong, smooth, aud half as long as the head. Pectoral spine strong. 



