FAMILY, I—SILURID^. 499 



rayed dorsal fin. Pectoral almost reaches the ventral, its spine not plaited, moderately strong and 3/4 as long 

 as tte head. Ocmdal peduncle — half as high as long. Skin smooth. Colours — yellowish, with dark bands : fins 

 also yellow, with black bands. Air-vessel — apparently absent. 



This species is nearly allied to G. lonah, but amongst other differences its dorsal spine appears to be 

 always toothed, whereas in all specimens of G. lonah that I have seen it is entire. 



This species is nearly allied to G. trilineatum, but has a longer head and less anal rays. 



Habitat. — Bowany river at the foot of the Neilgherry hUls, where I obtained 16 specimens up to 5 inches 

 in length. 



8. Glyptostemum pectinopterum, Plate CXVI, fig 6. 



McClelland, Cal. Joum. Nat. Hist, ii, p. 587 ; Bleaker, Beng. en Hind. p. 68 ; Giinther, Catal. v, p. 188. 

 . Glyptosterwum Stoliczkce, Steind. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1867, p. 17, t. v and vi, f. 1. 

 GTyptosterrmm modestum, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 714. 



Jwppah, Punj. (at Chumba) : Numg-gra/re, Punj. at Beeas if small, Kuggar, if large : No-woo, Punj. at 

 Kangra. 



B. X, D. i/0, P. 1/8-9, V. 6, A. 9-11 (i:f), C. 17, Vert. 1.5-17. 



Length of head 4| to 5j, of caudal 6| to 6, height of body 6 in the total length. Eyes — in the middle of 

 the length of the head, the width of the interorbital space equals 3f in the length of the head. The width of 

 the head nearly or quite equals its length. Upper jaw the longer, the width of the gape of the mouth 2| to 3 in 

 the length of the head. Lips not fringed. Occipital process three times as long as wide at its base. Barbels — 

 the maxillary extend nearly to the middle of the pectoral fin : the nasal reach the orbit : the outer mandibular 

 to the base of the pectoral, whilst the inner are rather shorter. Teeth — ^generic. Fias — dorsal nearly as high as 

 the body, its spine rather slender, and more than 1/2 as long as the head : in many specimens up to three or four 

 inches in length the soft termination of the spine is continuous with it, and on bending it appears as if there 

 were numerous points anteriorly, this appearance is usually lost in the adult fish : base of the adipose dorsal 

 rather longer than that of the rayed fin and equal to 4/5 of the interspace between the two fins. Pectoral 

 extends three-fifths of the distance to the ventral, its spine is flattened, strong, and as long as the head excluding 

 the snout, and having coarse denticulations internally. The outer rays of the ventral and pectoral are plaited 

 inferiorly, this appearance is usually lost in specimens preserved in spirit unless the alcohol was very strong at 

 •the commencement. Caudal pedHncle — one-third to twice as long as high at its base. Adhesive apparatus well 

 marked. Colov/rs — uniform brown, with a yellowish mark along the back, fins yellow, stained with black. 

 Air-vessel— in two lateral portions, partially enclosed in bony capsules formed by a trumpet-shaped process from 

 the anterior vertebra. 



G. modestum, appears to be the young, it is much wider in the body and the peculiar appearance shown in 

 the termioation of the dorsal spine of moderately sized specimens is scarcely perceptible. 

 , Habitat. — Himaldlyas through the Punjab, and at Kangra, Simla, DarjeeUng. 



9. Glyptostemum cavia. 



Pimelodus cavia. Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 188, 878. 

 Baganius ? cavia. Bleaker, Beng. en Hind. p. 58. 

 Kamya tenggara, Hind. 



D. i/0, P. i V. 6, A. 9 (3/6), C. 17. 



" It is flattened before, conical behind, and all its upper parts are scabrous from elevated spots." " Head 

 very large, a good deal flattened, blunt, and covered above with bony plates, forming various ridges." 

 Upper jaw the longer. Barbels — nasal very short, the maxillary as long as the head, the two pairs of mandibular 

 ones shorter. Teeth — none on the palate. Fins — dorsal spine blunt, rough, but not serrated on the anterior 

 surface : adipose fin small and rough : pectoral spine serrated on both edges : lower caudal lobe the longer. 

 Golowrs — " lurid, and the back is variegated with brown dots, collected into cloud-Uke marks, while the sides 

 have a gloss like silver, changing into the hue of copper. The abdomen is of a dirty livid appearance. Across 

 the tail are two transverse bars, and on the tail fin a third, all of which have fewer dots than the adjacent parts. 

 The eyes are white." 



Hamilton Buchanan (MSS.) observes of this fish in the Eamghup district "the Kanya tengra of the 

 , Dharla is a very ugly little fish, compared by the natives to a crow." 



Habitat. — Rivers of Northern Bengal, where it attains about 6 inches in length. 



Genus, 28 — EirGLTPTOSTEENTrM, Bleeher. 



Achjptost&non, Bleeker. ' 



i)orsal profile nearly horizontal, head covered with soft shin, Gill-openings rather wide, the gill-membranes 

 confluent with the shin of the isthmus, Mouth transverse, upper jaw the longer. Eyes small, subcutaneous. Nostrils 

 close together, separated by a la/rbel. Ba/rbels eight. Teeth villiform in the jaws and on the palate. Borsal fi,n loith 

 a spine and six roAjs : an adipose dorsal present. Pectorals horizontal, with an adhesive apparatus on the chest formed 



