516 PHYSOSTOMI. 



Klunzinger observes that E. marginatus. Porsk., has D. 13, A. 12, length of head 3, beak 5 in the total 

 length : and fine deciduous scales on the dorsal and anal fins and is the same as Russell's figure. 

 Eabitat.— Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



8. Hemirhamphus far, Plate CXX, fig. 3. 



Esoxfa/r, Forsk. Descrip. Anim. No. 98. 



Esox marginatus, var. Bl. Schn. p. 393. 



Eemirhamphus far, Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 74 ; Peters, Monats. Berlin Acad. 1855, p. 428 ; Bleeker, en 

 Pise. p. 157, Revis. Hemir. p. 146, and Atl. Ich. vi, p. 64; Klunz. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 582. 



Eemirhamphus Gommersonii, Cut. Reg. Anim. ; Cut. and Yal. xix, p. 28 ; Bleeker, Snoek, p. 17, and Atl. 

 Ich. Scomb. t. vi, fig. 3 ; Griinther, Catal. vi, p. 271. 



B. xii-xiv, D. 13-14, P. 12, V. 6, A. 10-12, C. 15, L. 1. 50-54, Vert. 38/16. 



Length of head 2| to 3, of beak 5 to 5f , of caudal 5^ to 6, height of body 8i to 12 in the total length. 

 _0(^ej_diameter l^ in the postorbital length of the head, and 1 apart. Greatest width of body 1/2 to 2/3 of 

 its height. Triangular portion of upper jaw much wider than long. Teeth— small, tricuspidate. Fins—ioiaal 

 commences considerably in advance of the anal. Pectoral reaches the front edge of the eye. Ventral inserted 

 in the last third of the distance between the middle of the eye and the base of the caudal fin. Anal about 1/2 

 as long as dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, lower lobe the longer, central rays equal to about _ 1 diameter of the 

 eye. Scales — a few on the front portion of the dorsal and anal fins. Colours — ^back dark bluish-green : a silvery 

 lateral band, and four dark blotches or spots along the sides. Ai/r-vessel — cellular. 



■ Eabitat. — Red Sea and East coast of Africa, through the seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and 

 beyond. The specimen figured was from Madras. It is said to attain 15 inches in length. 



9. Hemirhamphus limbatus, Plate CXIX, fig. 3. 



Tlsox angulatus. Ham. Buch. MSS. c. fig. 



Eemirhamphus limbatus, Cuv. and Val. xix, p. 44 ; Giinther, Catal. vi, p. 272. 



Eemirhamphus brachynopterus, Blyth, P. A. S. of Beng. 1858, p. 288 (not Bleeker). 



Gongaturi, Ooriah. 



B. X, D. 13-14, P. 10, V. 6, A. 13-15, C. 14, L. r. 50-52. 



Length of head 3^ to 3t, of beak 6^ to 6|, of caudal 7, height of body 9 to 10 in the total length. 

 Byes — diameter 1^- to If in the postorbital portion of the head, nearly 1 diameter apart. Preorbital 3/4 as long 

 as the eye, and longer than high. Width of body 2/3 of its height. The height of the body equals its 

 length behind the middle of the eyes, and its width equals its postorbital length. Upper jaw short, 1/2 wider at 

 its base than it is long, and keeled along the mesial line. Teeth — minute, in many rows in both jaws and 

 tricuspidate. Fins — dorsal commences very slightly in advance of the anal, both fins having their outer edges 

 concave. Pectoral reaches forward to the front edge of the eyes.' Ventral inserted about midway between the 

 eye (sometimes rather nearer the caudal) and base of caudal. Base of anal slightly shorter than that of the 

 dorsal. Caudal lobed, the lower the longer, the central rays equalhng 1^ diameters of the orbit in length. 

 Scales — 5 rows between the base of the dorsal and the lateral-line. None on dorsal or anal fins, unless a few 

 fine ones over their first portions. Colours — a brilliant sUvery lateral band, which posteriorly becomes as broad 

 as one scale. Dorsal, anal, and extremity of caudal sometimes stained blackish. 



The foregoing is identical with the^specimen of E. limbatus, Cuv. and Val. (6 inches long) brought from 

 Pondicherry by M. Leschenault, and still in the Museum at the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. Cantor's specimens 

 of E. tridentifer are skins* in a very bad state, and probably E. Gamaidi, C. V. 



Eabitat. — This is by far the most common species off the Coromandel coast of India, and extends to 

 Burma : it is also found, but more rarely, on the Malabar coast. It ascends tidal rivers, and may be captured 

 in fresh waters. 



10. Hemirhamphus Buflfonis, Plate CXIX, fig. 4. 



Cuv. and Val. xix, p. 48; Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind. iii, p. 711 ; Giinther, Catal. vi, p. 273. 

 Eemirhamphus striga, Blyth, Pro. Asiatic Soc. of Beng. 1858, p. 288, (not C. V.) 

 Zenarchopterus Buffoni, Bleeker, Revis. Hemir. p. 162, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 62, and Scomb. t. vii, f. 4. 

 Eemirhamphus cirrhatus. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 709. 

 Koo-door-rock-o-dah, Andamanese. 

 B. xi, D. 14, P. 10, V. 6, A. 10-12, C. 13, L. r. 42. 



Length of head 2^ to 2i, of caudal 9, of beak 3^ to 3^, height of body 8^ to 9 in the total length. 

 %es— diameter 1^ in the postorbital extent of the head, li apart. Upper jaw 1/4 wider at its base than it is 



* Cantor's types (skins) are as follows:— No. 1, Length to ba.'ie of tail 4-8 inches, of base of dorsal fin 0-6 J inches, of base of 

 anal 0'6^ inches, beak 6^ in the total length. No. 2, 6-8 inches to base of tail, of base of dorsal fin 07^ inches, beak 6J in the total 

 length. 



Gunlher's specimen in spirit is 58 inches to base of tail, of base of dorsal fin 0-7^, of base of anal 0-7 inches. 



