648 PHYSOSTOMI. 



Girrhina mrigala, Cut. and Val. xvi, p. 294 ; Giintlier, Catal. vii, p. 35 ; Day, J. A. S. of B. 1871, 

 p. 135, pi. ix, f. 6, a, h. 



Mrigala Buchana/rd, Bleeker, Prod. Cyp. p. 226. 



Mirrgah, Ooriah ; Mrigala, Beng. and Hind. ; Nairn, Hind. (N. W. P.) ; Nga-hyin and Nga-gyein, Burm. ; 

 Mor-ah-Jcee, Sind. and Cutoli. 



B. iii, D. 15-16 (tt-tt). P- 15. ^- 9, A.- 8 (f), C. 15, L. 1. 40-45, L. tr. 6J-7/8|-. 



Lengtli, of head 5 to 5i , of caudal 6, height of body 4 to 5^ in the total length. Eyes — in the anterior 

 1/2 of the head, diameter 3^ to 4 in the length of the head, 1 tp 1-f diameters from the end of snout, 

 and 2 apart. The greatest width of the head equals its length behiud the middle of the eyes. Width of the 

 mouth equals 2/5 of the length of the head. Pores present or absent on the snout, Teeth — pharyngeal teeth 

 plough-shaped, 5, 4, 2/2, 4, 5. Fins — dorsal nearly as high as the body, it arises rather nearer to the snout 

 than to the base of the caudal fin, and opposite the 12th scale of the lateral-line, upper margin of fin slightly 

 concave, in Sind deeply so. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout, and does not reach the ventral. 

 Caudal with sharp and deeply forked lobes, which have convex edges internally. Scales — 5i to 6 rows between 

 the latter and the base of the ventral (■H in G. plvmbea). Golowrs — silvery, dark gray along the back, 

 sometimes having a coppery tinge : the pectoral, ventral and anal, orange stained with black. Eyes 

 golden. 



GirrMna fulungee, Sykes, is very closely allied to G. mrigala, but its barbels are shorter. 



Habitat. — Rivers and tanks in Bengal, Deccan, N. W. Provinces, Punjab, Sind, Cutch, and Burma, 

 growing to 3 feet in length. It is an excellent species for stocking tanks with. 1 have taken it in Bangoou 

 18 pounds in weight. . 



3. Cirrhina latia, Plate CXXX, fig. 4. 



Gyprinus latins, and gohama. Ham. Buch. Pish. Gane-es, pp. 345, 346, 393 ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, 

 pp. 411, 413. 



? Gyprinus sada, Ham. Buch. 1. c. pp. 344, 393 ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 385. 



Barlus dvplochilus, Heckel, Pische aus Kashmir, p. f>S, t. 10, f. 1 ; Cvly. and Val. xvi, p. 204. 



Tylognathus barbatulMS, Heckel, in Hiigels Eeise, iv, p. 376, and in Russ. Reisen, II, iii, p. 283, 

 (no description). » 



Gonorhynchus fimbriatus, macrosomus and Irevis, McCleU. Ind. Cyp. pp. 282, 372, 373, 375, pi. 43, f. 3. 

 6, and 7, (from H. B.'s MSS.) Jif ^f > ^ , ,v , > 



Ghondrostoma wattanah, Sykes, Trans. Z. Soc. ii, p. 360, t. 62, f. 4 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 25. 



CrossocheilMS latins and gohama, Bleeker, Pro. Cyp. p. 110 ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 71. 



Grossocheilns diploohilns, Steind. Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1866, p. 791. 



GrossochdlMs ba/rhatnlns, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 72 ; Beavan,* P. Z. S. 1872, p. 162, f. 2. 



Grossocheilus rostratus, Giinther, 1. c. p. 72, and Zool. Record, 1870, p. 135. 



Grossocheilns sada, Giinther, 1. c. p. 74. 



Kala-batta, Bengali; Behrah and Tella/rree, Punj. ; Gwrru, Sind. 



B. iii, D. 10-11 (y?^), P. 16, V. 9, A. 7 (f), C. 19, L. 1. 38-40, L. tr. 6/6, Vert. 15/17. 



Length of head 6 to Q\, of caudal 4i- to 6, height of body 6^ to 7 in the total length. %es— rather behind 

 the middle of the head in the adult : in the middle ia the young : diameter 3i to 5 in the length of the head, 

 about 2 diameters from end of snout, and also apart. Dorsal profile more convex than the abdominal. Upper 

 surface of the head rather broad : snout overhanging the jaws and having a small lateral lobe. Upper lip deeply 

 indented on the edge, and each indentation (in some specimens) having a tricuspid termination, this is most 

 seen in examples from Calcutta and Orissa, least so in those from Sind, the Punjab, and central Provinces : the 

 surface rough as in Biscognathns. Lower lip with a strong sharp horny covering, the lip at the angle having a 

 sort of pendulous lobe : the under surface of the jaw with a round, callous, and rather elevated spot, which in 

 the adult has a free anterior edge. Barbels— & rostral pair and sometimes a short maxiUary pair. Teeth— 

 pharyngeal, crooked, 6, 4, 2/2, 4, 5. i?fas— dorsal commences about midway between the end of the snout and 

 base of the caudal fin m the young, but rather nearer the snout in the adult. Pectoral as long as the head, its 

 outer three or four rays rather thickened. Caudal deeply forked, upper lobe sometimes the longer. Lateral- 

 Itne—Z-^ to 42 rows between it and the base of the ventral fin. CoZowrs— brownish-olive, H-regularly spotted 

 with black marks. Dorsal and caudal fins yellowish, stained with gray, the others orange. 



This fish has much the character of a loach or of a Biscognathns, adhering to stones in the beds of rivers. 

 Hamilton Buchanan observes that G. gohama differs very] little from G. latia, but it dies very soon out of water, 

 and its form is somewhat deeper and more protuberant on the back. 



Sabitat.—Smi, Orissa, Bengal, N. W. Provinces, Punjab, Deccan, and along the Himalayas. It attains 

 8 inches m length. ■; 



• In the British Museum these specimens are marked CrossocMus Bamdensis, Beavan. 



