652 PHTSOSTOMI. 



Golows — of a dull silvery colour along the back, with an indistinct silvery band along the side, and of a dull 

 white beneath. A dark band along the dorsal fins, and caudal with a dark outer edge. 



Habitat.— South Canara, from whence H. S. Thomas, Esq., of the Madras Civil Service, after whom I 

 have named the species, sent me two examples. , 



4. Scaphiodon Nashii, Plate OXXXIII, fig. 3. 



Ba/rhus NasMi, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 684. 



B. iii, D. 14-15 (tKIt), p. 15, V. 9, A. 7 (|), C. 20, L. 1. 40-43, L. tr. 7/7. 



Length of head 5J to 6, of caudal 4^ to 4f , height of body 4 to 5 in the total length, ^yes— diameter 

 3, to 4 in the length of the head, 1 to 1^ diameters from the end of snout, and li to If apart. The greatest 

 width of the head equals its length excluding the snout. Mouth broad, inferior, transverse, and overhung by 

 the snout.* Lips thin, without any transverse fold across the lower one. Snout in the adult covered by 

 papillse. A thick horny covering inside the lower jaw in adults. Barbels — absent. Teeth — pharyngeal, 

 crooked, sharp, 5, 4, 3/3, 4, 5. Fins — dorsal commences nearer the snout than the base of the caudal, it is 3/4 

 as high as the body, its upper edge concave, no osseous ray. Pectoral about as long as the head. Ventral 

 arises below the middle of the dorsal fin, and does not quite reach the anal, nor the latter the caudal which is 

 deeply forked. Free portion of the tail as long as high. Scales — 4i rows between the lateral-line and base of 

 ventral fin. Golowrs — reddish-brown along the back, abdomen silvery. A black band passes from the eye to 

 the centre of the caudal fin. A dark band along the middle third of the dorsal, which is edged superiorly by 

 scarlet, a dark band on anal having a light anterior edge : a dark edging to the caudal. The young are 

 silvery-gray along the back, becoming silvery on the sides : the lateral band terminates in a black blotch at 

 the base of the caudal fin. 



Habitat. — Coorg, hill-streams of South Canara and the Wynaad. I received a small specimen (4 inches 

 long) in rather a mutilated condition from Fraserpett, collected by Dr. Wash in 1868 ; lately I have received two 

 fine specimens from Mr. Thomas, collected in South Canara. 



5. Scaphiodon brevidorsalis, Plate CXXXIII, fig. 2. 



Semiplotus brevidorsalis. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 239. 

 Mean-camdee, Tamil. 



B. iii, D. 14 (^), V. 9, A. 7, L. 1. 39-40, L. tr. 7-8/9. 



Length of head 6, of caudal 4|-, height of body 3| in the total length. Eyes — diameter 3 to 4 in the 

 length of head, and situated in or rather before the middle of its length, and 2^ apart. Dorsal profile much 

 more convex than that of the abdomen. Snout swollen, overhanging the jaws ; mouth inferior, transverse : 

 three rows of large pores across the snout, and extending on to the preorbital bone ; knob at symphysis badly 

 developed ; a thin cartilaginous covering to both jaws. Upper lip crenulated. Barbels — absent. Fins — last 

 undivided dorsal ray osseous, very strong, entire, longer than the head by a distance equal to one diameter of 

 the orbit ; dorsal fin commences midway between the snout and the base of the caudal, the fin two-thirds as 

 high as the body below it. Pectoral falciform, extending to over the ventral, which last is long, reaching to 

 the anal : caudal deeply forked. Scales — 41^ rows between the lateral-line and the base of the ventral fin. 

 Golov/rs — silvery, darkest along the back, fins stained with gray. 



Habitat. — Rivers below the Neilgherry hills in the Madras Presidency. 



Genus, 15 — Caeassitjs, Nilsson. 



Abdomen rownded. Snout obtuse and rounded. Mouth anterior, arched, and rather narrow : lips thin. No 

 barbels. Pharyngeal teeth com/pressed and in a single series, 4/4. Dorsal fin long, commencing opposite the ventrals, 

 and homing its last undivided ray osseous and serrated : last vm,dimded anal ray osseous and normally serrated. 

 Scales of moderate size. Lateral-lime complete to the centre of the base of the caudal fin. 



Geographical distribution. — Temperate portions of Europe and Asia ; having been domesticated it has 

 degenerated into numerous varieties. 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



1. OwrassiMS auratus, D. xa-rwj ^- 3/5. Prom rifle green to silver or orange colours. Bombay ? 

 China, &c. 



1. Carassius auratus. 



Gyprvrms am-atus, Linn. Sys. Nat. vol. i, p. 627 ; Bl. Schn. p. 439 ; Lac^p. vol. v, p. 553 ; Cuv. and Val. 

 vol. xvi, p. 101 ; Richard, Ich. China, p. 293. 



Carassius am-atus. Blocker, Atl. Ich. Gyp. p. 74 ; Giinther, Catal. vol. vii, p. 32 (exclude Gyprinus NuUa.) 



* The mouth in this species alters so with age, that until I had compared specimens of my OsteocMhis Mdlabarims with 

 gradations of ScapJmdon Nashii since obtained, I could have not believed in their being identical. In the young the jaws are 

 compressed, each with a cartilaginous covering : the lips at the angle are thick and continuous, not continued across the chin. As .ige 

 increases the mouth widens, the cartilaginous covering becomes more horny, and the colours of the fish alter. 



