FAMILY, V— CYPEINID^. 603 



anal. Pectoral 1/4 longer than the head, hut does not reach the ventral. Caudal lobed, the lower lobe the 

 longer. ScaZes— deciduous and placed in sinuous rows : those on upper surface of the head extend forwards 

 to opposite the hind edge of the orbit. Lateral.lme—2 rows of scales between it and the base of the 

 ventral fin. Colowrs — silvery. 



This species or variety is closely allied to 0. hacaila, from which it is chiefly divided by the number of 

 scales. In Cutch I found A. (tt^ts). L. 1. 83-92, L. tr. 13-14/6 : at Jubbulpore on the Nerbudda, A. (ti-^tt)> 

 L. 1. 80-90, L. tr. 14-16/6 : in the Deccan, A. (ts'Lts), L- 1- 84-93, L. tr. 13/6 : at Madras, A. (tt^ts), L- 1- 

 80-87, L. tr. 12-16/6: to the South of Madras at the Cauvery river, A. (rs-fa)) L. 1. 80-91. L. tr. 14-15/6. 

 See remarks under next species, C. hacaila. 



Leudscus novacula, Yal. in Jacq. Voy. Ind. Orient, pi. xv, f. 2 ; Cuv. and Val. xvii, p. 345 ; Bleeker, 

 Beng. p. 69, and Chela novacula, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 334, appears to be this species. The type specimen has 

 L. 1. 80 (not 60, as given in Cuv. and VaL) 



Habitat.— Gutch, Jubbulpore, Mysore, the Deccan, Madras Presidency, and Burma. It attains at least 

 6 inches in length, and is very good eating. 



10. Chela bacaila, Plate CLII, fig. 5. 

 Gyprmus bacaila, Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 265, 384, pi. 8, fig. 76 ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 460. 

 Opsarms bacaila and leucerus, McClell. Ind. Gyp. pp. 295, 414, 415, pi. 47, fig. 3 ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, 

 p. 470. 



Jjmoiscus cultellus and bacaila, Cuv. and Val. xvii, p. 341, pi. 607 ; Bleeker, Beng. pp. 66, 137. 



Salmophasia ohlonga, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 284. 



Pelecus cultellus, Jerdon, M. J. L. and S. 1849, p. 326. 



Chela bacaila, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 332 ; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 382. 



Jellahri, Ooriah : ChelUah, Hind. 



B. iii, D. 9(A), P. 13, V. 9, A. 13-15(tt?i^'), C. 19, L. 1. 86-110, L. tr. 17-19/6-10. 



Length of head 6i to 6, of caudal 6j, height of body 5i to 6 in the total length. Uyes — 3| to 3| in 

 length of head, snout slightly longer than the eye : eyes 1 diameter apart. Bones of the forearm not dilated, 

 and not supporting the abdominal edge anterior to the pectoral fin. Cleft of mouth reaches to below the first 

 fourth of the eye. Suborbital ring of bones broad, nearly covering the cheek. Teeth — pharyngeal 6, 4, or 3, 

 2/2, 3, or 4, 5. Fins — first anal ray is below the middle of the dorsal fin : pectoral nearly reaches the ventral, 

 whilst the latter does not quite extend to the anal. Scales— extend forwards on the head to nearly opposite the 

 posterior margin of the orbit. Colours — uniform silvery. 



Under 0. clvpeoides, I observed that, excluding the Nerbudda river and Cutch, it is a southern form, but is 

 also found in Burma. This species or variety is restricted more to the Valley of the Ganges and its affluent 

 streams, also to the Punjab and down the Indus. It is distinguished by the large number of its scales, which I 

 have found as follows : Assam, A. ^g?,^, L. 1. 102-108, L. tr. 18/6 ; Sone river, A. ^\, L. 1. 98, L. tr. 18/6 : Orissa, 

 ^. ^.j-j, L. 86-98, L. tr. 14-18/6 (some of these appeared to be intermediate forms between this species and the 

 last) ; Calcutta, A. „!i3, L. 1. 90-110, L. tr. 17-19/6 ; Seharunpore, A. tt?t2. L. 1. 95-100, L. tr. 18-19/6 : Sind, 

 A. 3-j?T-j, L. 1. 92-96, L. tr. 17-19/6. One specimen from Bezwarah had A. -fy, L. 1. 95, L. tr. 12/6. 



Habitat. — Throughout India except Malabar, Mysore, and Madras, and parts of the Deccan. Dr. Giinther 

 gives Moulmein as one of its localities. It attains at least 7 inches in length. 



Family, V — CTPEiNiDiB.* 



SYNOPSIS OP GENERA. 



Sub-Family, I— Cyprinina. 



1. Air vessel when present, not enclosed in bone. 



A. — Abdomen rou/nded not trenchant. 

 a. Dorsal fin commencing nearly opposite the ventrals. Anal short (5 to 7 branched rays'). 



1. Eomaloptera. Anterior portion of body depressed : snout spatulate : mouth on lower surface of head : 

 6 barbels. Pharyngeal teeth in one row. Outer pectoral rays unbranched, or simply bifurcated. Scales small. 

 Himalayas and Western ghauts in India, Java and Sumatra, p. 625. 



2. Psilorhynchus. Anterior portion of body somewhat depressed : snout rather spatulate. _ Mouth 

 inferior : no barbels. Outer pectoral rays unbranched. Scales of moderate size. Hill streams and nvers m 

 Bengal and Assam, p. 526. i j. ii, ■ o 



3. BiscognathMS. Mouth inferior, with a suctorial disk on the chin : 4 barbels. Pharyngeal teeth m 6 

 rows. Scales of moderate size. Pectoral fins sub-horizontal. India, Ceylon, and Burma, also Aden and 

 Abyssinia, p. 627. 



* As part iii. of this work, ending p. 552, was published m 1877, a synopsis of the CTPiuNiDiE had to be defeiTed until the 

 present number : otherwise it would have been inserted at p. 524, immediately after the definition of the Family. 



4 H 2 



