G04 PHTSOSTOMI. 



4. Ormrns. Month inferior, with the mandibles loosely joined together : a suctorial disk on the chin : 4 

 barbels. Pharyngeal teeth in 3 rows. Scales small, with the vent and base of anal fin enclosed by a tiled row. 

 Last undivided dorsal ray osseous and may be serrated. Himalayan and sub-Himalayan range, extending to the 

 confines of China, p. 529. 



5. Sahizopygopsis. Mouth inferior : mandibles with a sharp horny covering. No barbels. Pharyngeal 

 teeth in two rows. A serrated dorsal ray. Scales present in scapular region, a tiled row enclosing vent and 

 base of anal fin. Tibet and Turkestan, p. 631. 



6. SoMzothorax. Mouth antero-inferior : four barbels. Pharyngeal teeth in three rows. A serrated 

 dorsal ray. Scales small : vent and base of anal fin enclosed in a tiled row. Himalayan region, Afghanistan 

 and Turkestan, p. 531. 



7. Ptyeoharbus. Mouth anterior or inferior : two barbels. Pharyngeal teeth in two rows. Dorsal with 

 or without a feeble osseous ray, which is sometimes serrated. Scales small : vent and base of anal fin enclosed 

 in a tiled row. Head waters of Indus, Tibet and Kashgar, p. 633. 



8. Diptyohus. Month inferior : lower jaw with a homy covering : two barbels. Pharyngeal teeth in 

 two rows. Dorsal fin without any osseous ray. Scales small, not imbricated : a sheath to vent and base of anal 

 fin. Tibet, Nepaul, and Tarkand, p. 534. 



9. Labeo. Month anterior or inferior : lips thick, those of the two jaws continuous at the angle, and one 

 or both with an inner fold : sometimes a lateral lobe to the snout : barbels, four, two, or none. Pharyngeal 

 teeth in three rows. Dorsal fin rather or very elongated and without any osseous ray. Scales large, of 

 moderate size, or small. Africa, Syria, India, Ceylon, and Burma to the Malay Archipelago, p. 534. 



10. OsteocMlus. Differs from Labeo in its lips being reflected from ofi" the mandible leaving it uncovered 

 as a sharp, hard, transverse prominence. Burma and the Malay Archipelago, p. 645. 



11. Damgila. Snout somewhat depressed : moath more or less inferior : upper lip fringed : lower jaw 

 sharp, covered by a thin lip, and with a tubercle above the symphysis : barbels four or two. Pharyngeal teeth 

 in three rows. Dorsal fin elongated and without any osseous ray. Scales large, of moderate size, or small. 

 Burma to the Malay Archipelago, p. 546. 



12. Girrhina. Mouth transverse : snout somewhat depressed : lips thin, those of the two jaws not 

 continuous, a small tubercle above the symphysis of the lower jaw. Barbels four, two, or none. Pharyngeal 

 teeth in three rows. Dorsal fin short or of moderate length, without any osseous ray. Scales large, of 

 moderate size, or small. Belooohistan, Sind, India, Burma, and Malay Archipelago, p. 647. 



13. Semiplotus. Snout thick : mouth inferior, with a knob at the symphysis : no barbels. Pharyngeal 

 teeth in three rows. Dorsal fin long, with a strong osseous ray that is serrated or entire. Scales large. Assam, 

 Chittagong hills, and Burma, p. 649. 



14. ScapModon. Snout rounded : mouth transverse, inferior : a horny layer inside lower jaw which is 

 not covered by lip : four, two, or no barbels. Pharyngeal teeth in three rows. Dorsal fin of moderate extent, 

 with its last undivided ray articulated, or else osseous and serrated, or entire. Scales of varying size. Western 

 Asia, Sind, Western ghauts of India, p. 660. 



15. Carassius. Mouth anterior : lips thin : no barbels. Pharyngeal teeth in one row. Dorsal fin long, 

 with an osseous serrated ray. Scales of moderate size. Temperate portions of Europe and Asia, ? India, 

 p. 552. 



16. Catla. Head broad: snout with thin integuments: lower lip with a continuous transverse fold: 

 lower jaw with a moveable articulation at the symphysis: gill-rakers long: no barbels. Pharyngeal teeth in 

 three rows. Dorsal rather long, without any osseous ray. Scales of moderate size. Sind, India (except its 

 southern portion) Assam, Burma, and Siam, p. 553. 



17. Thynnichthys. Upper lip absent : month antero-lateral : no barbels. Pharyngeal teeth molariform, 

 compressed, and in 3 rows. Dorsal fin without any osseous ray and inserted opposite the ventral. Scales small, 

 lateral-line complete. Deccan, Kistna and Godavery rivers, also the Malay Archipelago, p. 564. 



18. Ambh/pharyngodon. Differs from Thynnichthys in having the crowns of its pharyngeal teeth flat or 

 concave : the dorsal fin extending to nearly or quite above the anal : and the lateral-line incomplete. Sind, 

 India, Ceylon, and Burma, p. 654. 



19. Ba/rbus. Month anterior or inferior : jaws closely invested by lips, which may or may not have 

 leathery lobes : four, two, or no barbels. Pharyngeal teeth in three rows. Dorsal fin short, with its last 

 undivided ray articulated or osseous, which last may be serrated or entire. Scales of large, moderate, or small 

 size. Lateral-line complete or incomplete. Europe, Asia and Africa, p. 666. 



_5'\'J b. Dorsal fin cormnencing very distinctly posterior to the ventrals, but not extending to above the anal, which 



last is short or of moderate length (6 to 11 branched rays). 



20. Nwia. Mouth narrow, directed obliquely upwards : four barbels, the maxillary pair very long. 

 Pharyngeal teeth in one row. Dorsal fin without osseous ray. Scales of moderate size. India, Ceylon, Burma 

 and Nicobar islands, p. 682. 



21. Basbora. Month oblique, lower jaw with one central and on either side a lateral prominence fitting 

 into corresponding emarginations in. the upper jaw : a pair of rostral barbels or none. Pharyngeal teeth in 

 three rows. Dorsal fin without any osseous ray. Scales large or of moderate size. Africa, India, Ceylon, 

 Assam, Burma, to the Malay Archipelago, p. 583. 



