610 PHTSOSTOMI. 



wide brown, black, or green central band, by a ligbt line, otberwise coloured as described above (Misgwmus 

 lateralis, Giinther).* 



Hahitat.—'Pxi.nja.h, tbrougbout India (except Mysore and soutbof the Kistna, and also the Malabar coast.) 

 I hare them from Darjeeling, and several localities on the Himalayas. 



2. Lepidoeephalichthya thermalis, Plate CLV, fig. 3. 



Oohitis tJiermalis, Cuv. and Val. xviii, p. 78 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 70. 



Lepidocephalichthys thermalis, Bleeker, in Verh. Holl. Maat. Haar. 1864, Oyprin. and Cobit. Ceylon, p. 6, 

 t. i, f. 1 ; Gunther, Gatal. vii, p. 364 ; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 383. 



Oohitis Oarnnatiaus, Mysorensis, and ? rubripinnis, Jerdon, M. J. L. and S. 1849, pp. 331, 332, 333. 



PlatactmtJms agrensis, Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 204, pi. 14, f. 1. 



Asswree, Tam. : Jubbi cowri, Ooriah : Bilu, Hind. 



B. iii, D. 8(1), P. 7, V. 7, A. 7(f), C. 16. 



Length of head b\, of caudal 6, height of body 5| in the total length. JSyes— almost entirely in the 

 anterior 1/2 of the head. Suborbital spine, strong. Barbels— ei^t, the longest extending to below the anterior 

 margin of the orbit. Fin,s — origin of dorsal slightly in advance of the ventral, and nearer the root of the 

 caudal than the snout. Caudal slightly emarginate. The inner pectoral ray is modified in some adult males 

 into a flat osseous spine which is used for diving down into the mud. Scales — distinct, about 30 rows between 

 the base of the anal fin and the back. Colours — sandy, with irregular blotches on the lateral-line, and others 

 along the back ; a black spot generally exists at the base of the upper half of the caudal fin. Dorsal fin with 

 black spots or bars, caudal with four bands. A dark streak often extends from the eye to the end of the snout. 



I found 2,500 eggs in a female example. 



Habitat. — Southern India, the Malabar coast, the Wynaad, and Ceylon. 



3. Lepidocephalichthys Berdmorei, Plate CLIII, fig. 3. 



Acanthopsis Berdmorei, Blyth, Proc. Asi. Soc. of Bengal, 1860, p. 168. 

 Acanthopsis tnicropogon, Blyth, 1. c. 

 Gobitis Berdmorei, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 650. 

 Nga-tha-lay-doh, Burmese. 



B. iii, D. 8(f), P. 10, V. 8, A. 7-8(^?J, C. 17. 



Length of head 6 to 6^, of caudal 6 to 6^, height of body 6j to 6 in the total length. Eyes — situated 

 just before the middle of the length of head, 2 diameters from the end of the snout. Suborbital spine bifid, 

 and extending to beneath the first third of the orbit. Barbels— two pairs of rostral and a maxillary pair 

 extending to below the hind edge of the orbit : the mandibular flap with two or three pairs of short ones. 

 Fitis — dorsal 2/3 as high as the body below it, commencing slightly posterior to the ventral and midway between 

 the hind edge of the eye or even of the head and the base of the caudal fin, the latter of which is slightly 

 emarginate. Pectoral does not reach quite half way to the ventral. Scales — small, about 40 rows between the 

 anal fin and the back ; several rows (about 12) along the suborbital ring of bones. Colours — of a rich yellowish- 

 brown, with a dark line along the body composed of spots, upper surface of body covered with fine markings : a 

 black spot at the base of the caudal fin. Dorsal and caudal fins lineated with fine spots : some also on the 

 outer portions of pectoral, ventral, and anal. 



Habitat. — Moulmein in Burma, where it is common. 



Genus, 5. — Acanthophthalmus, v. Hasselt. 



Pamgio, Blyth. 



Body elongated and strongly compressed. An erectile, bifid, suborbital spine. Six barbels, one rostral and 

 two maxillary pairs. Dorsal fin situated in the posterior third of the body, anterior to the anal, but posterior to the 

 ventrals. 



Geographical distribution. — Korth-east Bengal, Assam and Burma. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. AcoMthophthalmus pangia. D. 8, A. 7. Cinnamon colour. N.E. Bengal to Upper Burma. 



1. Acanthophthalmus pangia, Plate CLV, fig. 5. 

 Gobitis poMgia, B.a,m. Buch, Pish. Ganges, pp. 355, 394 ; Cuv. and Val. xviii, p. 75; Bleeker, Beng. 



p. 70. 



Gobitis cinnamowiea, McClell. Ind. Cyp. pp. 304, 435, pi. 61, f. 6. (from H. B.'aMSS.). 

 Canthophrys rubiginosus, Swainson, Pishes, ii, p. 310. 

 Pangio ovnnamomea, Blyth, Proc. A. S. of B. 1860, p. 169. 



* Dr. GiJnther's three examples of Misgwrnus lateralis in the British Mnsenm, have all well-developed suborbital spines, 

 whereas in his definition of genus Misgwrnm, he coiTectly observes, " no suborbital spine." What he terms " the outer longer pair" 

 " of mandibular barbels" are identical with what are considered " maxillary barbels," in his genus lepidocephoKcAtfey*. 



