624 PHTSOSTOMI. 



Sixth group — Elops^foemes. 

 Mouth antero-lateral, lower jaw the longer. An osseous gular plate. Abdomen rounded and smooth. 



12. Elops — PseudobrancliiaB well developed. Scales small, p. 649. 



13. Megalops — PseudobranchiBe rudimentary or absent. Scales large, p. 650. 



Seventh group — CHAuiNJiFOEMES. 



Mouth anterior, transverse, small. Eyes subcutaneous. Teeth absent. Gill-membranes entirely 

 united. Abdomen rounded and smooth. 



14. GTianos. Scales small, p. 651. 



First group — Engeaulifoemes. 



Mouth with a very deep cleft: upper jaw prominent. Fremazillaries small and united to the 

 maxillaries, the latter being elongated. Eyes covered by skin. 



Genus 1 — Engeaulis, Guvier. 



Stolephorus, Lac^pede : Thryssa and Telara, Cuvier : Setvpvrma, Swainson : Pterengrcmlis, LycengromUs, 

 Lycothrissa and Heterothrissa, Giinther. 



Brcmchiostegals short and rather numerous. Oill-openings wide, the membrane connecting the two sides 

 being short, thus leamng the isthmus uncovered. Body oblong or elongated, compressed, OMd serrated along the 

 abdominal edge. Cleft of mouth lateral : snout conical : the upper jaw the longer : maasillaries of varying length, 

 hut always long, hawing a membraneous attachment to the cheeks. Teeth small, sometimes of unequal size, usually 

 present on the jaws, vomer, palatine and pterygoid bones. The dorsal fim, may be wholly or partially in advance of 

 or entirely posterior to the origin of the a/aal : the upper pectoral rays may or may not be prolonged : a/nal with 

 inany or a moderate number of rays. Scales large or of moderate size. 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



a. Dorsal fin in adva/nce of that of the anal. 



1. Engraulis Samiltonii, D. 1 + 13, A. 40-41, L. 1. 44, L. tr. 11-12. Height of body 4i in the total 

 length. Snout slightly projecting. Maxilla nearly reaches base of pectoral fin. Black venules on shoulder. 

 Seas of India to Malay Archipelago. 



2. Engraulis Malaba/ricus, D. 1 + 14-15, A. 40-43, L. 1. 39-40, L. tr. 11-12. Height of body 3f in 

 the total length. Snout slightly projecting. Maxilla reaches gill-opening. Venules on shoulder : pectoral fin 

 sometimes black. Seas of India. 



3. Engraulis my stax, J). 1+13-15, A. 35-38, L. 1. 45, L. tr. 12. Height of body 4| to 4f in the 

 total length. Snout projecting. Maxilla reaches base of pectoral fin. Venules on shoulder. Seas of India to 

 Malay Archipelago. 



4. EngroMlis Kammalensis, D. 1 -f- 13-14, A. 34-38, L. 1. 36-38, L. tr. 9-10. Height of body 4 in 

 the total length. Snout projecting. Maxilla reaches gill-opening. Venules on shoulder. Seas of India. 



5. Engramlis boelama, D. 14-16, A. 29-32, L. 1. 41, L. tr. 8. Height of body 5 in the total length. 

 Snout projecting very much. Maxilla reaches slightly behind mandibular joint. Bluish, becoming silvery 

 on the sides. Red Sea through those of India to Mysol and.Manado. 



6. Engraulis setirostris, D. 1 + 14-16, A. 34-38, L. 1. 36-44, L. tr. 11. Height of body 4J to 5 in 

 the total length. Snout very slightly projecting : angle of mouth below hind edge of eye. Maxilla reaches 

 end of ventral fin. Greenish, with silvery sides. Red Sea, Seas of India to Malay Archipelago. 



7. Engraulis Bussumien, D. 1 + 13-15, A. 34-36, L. 1. 40-42, L. tr. 9. Height of body 4i to 4| in 

 the total length. Snout considerably projecting : angle of mouth far behind the hind edge of the eye. Maxilla 

 reaches to ventral fin. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



b. Borsal fin partly or entirely above the anal. 



8. Engraulis telara, D. 1 + 14-15, A. 70-80, L. 1. 52, L. tr. 14. Height of body 4^ in the total length. 

 Snout slightly projecting. Maxilla reaches gill-opening. Upper pectoral ray elongated. Fresh and brackish 

 waters of Bengal and Burma. 



9. Engraulis breviceps, D. 1 + 17, A. 60-64, L. 1. 54-56, L. tr. 14. Height of body 4 to 4>\ in the 

 total length. Lower jaw slightly prominent. Maxilla reaches mandibular joint. Upper pectoral ray elongated. 

 Bay of Bengal to the Malay Archipelago. 



10. Engraulis taty, D. 1 + 13-15, A. 51-57, L. 1. 42-46, L. tr. 12. Height of body 3f to 4 in the 

 total length. Snout slightly projecting. Maxilla reaches gill-opening. Upper pectoral ray elongated. Seas 

 and estuaries of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



11. Engraulis pwrawa, D. 1+13, A. 45-47, L. 1. 46, L. tr. 12. Height of body 4^ to 4^ in the 

 total length. Snout not projecting. Maxilla reaches base of pectoral fin. Seas and estuaries of India to the 

 Malay Archipelago. 



12. Engramlis Oommersoniamis, D. 14-16, A. 19-21, L. 1. 38-40, L. tr. 8-9. Height of body 5i to 5f in 

 the total length. Snout projecting considerably. Maxilla reaches gill-opening. A broad, silvery, lateral band. 

 Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



