FAMILY, VI-CLUPEID^. 627 



Thryssa seti/rostris, Cuvier, Regn. Anim. 



Clupea mystaoina, Forst. Desc. Anim. Ed. Licit, p. 295. 

 no. ^^ll^'^^i^^f^ostris, Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. 69 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 74, Haring. p. 44, and Atl. Ich. vi, p. 

 134 ; Gunther, CataL vii, p. 397. o r j > r 



Thryssa maorognatfms, Bleeker, Madura, p. 14. 



Stolephnrus seti/rostris, Bleeker, Amb. p. 291, and Atl. Ich. t. 261, f. 1. 



B. x-xi, D. 1 + 14-16(3^?T3), P- 14, V. 6, A. 34-38(^!3^), C. 17, L. 1. 36-44, L. tr. 11. 

 _ Length of head 5|- to Q\, of caudal 5, height of body 4i to 5 in the total length. %es— diameter 3^ 

 to 4 m length of head, 1/2 a diameter from end of snout, and 1 apart. Snout hardly projecting. The angle 

 of the mouth is beneath the hind edge of the eye. The maxillary very prolonged, extending to the posterior 

 end of the ventral fin or even beyond. TeeiA— fine in jaws, present also on tongue, vomer, palatines and 

 pterygoids. JW*— origin of dorsal midway between end of snout and base of caudal fin : the anal commences 

 just posterior to the last dorsal ray. Abdominal edge spinate : 17 spines before and 9 behind the insertion of 

 the ventral fin. Gill-rakers 10 on the horizontal limb of the outer branchial arch. OoZowrs— greenish along 

 the back, becoming silvery on the sides and beneath. Black venules in the region of the scapula. 



Habitat— Evom the Red Sea through the seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



7. Engraulis Dussumieri, Plate CLVIII, fig. 4. 



Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. 69 ; Bleeker, Haring. p. 43, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 133, and Stolephorus Dussumieri, t. 

 260, f. 2 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 333. f , r 



EngroMlis Bamiliom, Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. &Q (not Gray and Hardwicke). 



Engraulis amratus. Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 238, pi. xix, f. 2. 



EngrauUs mystax, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 397 (not Bl. Schn.) 



B. xii, D. l + 13-15(Tf:|^), P. 12, V. 7, A. 34-36(^!33), C. 17, L. 1. 40-42, L. tr. 9-10. 



Length of head 4i to 4f , of caudal 5 to 5^, height of body 4^ to 4| in the total length. Eyes— 

 subcutaneous, diameter 4 in the length of the head, 2/3 of a diameter from the end of snout and 1 apart. The 

 snout projects considerably over the mouth : the angle of the mouth is far behind the posterior margin of the 

 orbit. The maxilla dilated opposite the mandibular joint, elongated posteriorly and almost or quite reaching 

 the ventral fin. Teeth — fine ones in the jaws. Fins — dorsal commences rather nearer snout than the base of 

 caudal fin, it is situated entirely in advance of anal, which commences a short way behind it. Pectoral as long 

 as head without the snout. Ventral inserted slightly in advance of the vertical from the origin of the dorsal. 

 Caudal forked, lower lobe the longer. 7 to 8 strong spines behind the ventral fin and 13 to 14 anterior to it. 

 Pseudobranchiee rudimentary. Colours — coppery, becoming silvery below, a large black shoulder spot passing 

 over the back : caudal straw-coloured with a dark extremity. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. The example figured (life-size) was from Madras. 



b. Dorsal fin partly or entirely above the anal. 



8. Engraulis telara, Plate CLVIII, fig. 2. 



Clupea telara and phasa. Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 240, 241, 382, pi. 2, f. 72. 



EngrauUs brevifiUs, telara and phasa, Cuv. and Val. xxi, pp. 54, 56, 59, pi. 608 : Bleeker, Beng. en Hind, 

 pp. 74, 147. 



Setipinna trwncata and m.egal'wra, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 292. 

 EngrauUs telara, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 401. 



B. xii-xiii, D. 1+14-15(1^1), P. 15, V. 7, A. 70-80(^!^), C. 19, L. 1. 62, L. tr. 14. 



Length of head 6 to 7, of caudal 6 to 6^, height of body 4| in the total length. Eyes — subcutaneous, 

 diameter 4^ in the length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout and 1^ apart. Abdominal profile more 

 prominent than the dorsal, snout slightly overhanging the mouth : the maxilla extends to opposite the gill- 

 opening, it is enlarged above the niandibulary joint, from whence it is cut straight to its pointed extremity. 

 Opercle twice as high as wide. Teeth — fine in both jaws, rather larger in the palate : and some fine ones on the 

 vomer. Fvns — origin of dorsal slightly posterior to that of the anal, much nearer snout than the base of the 

 caudal fin. Pectoral with its superior ray elongated to opposite the centre of anal fin (in some examples this 

 ray is only slightly produced), whilst the fin itself extends as far as to opposite the posterior end of the ventral : 

 lower caudal lobe the longer, the upper being truncated ; the length of the base of the anal fin is considerably 

 more than 1/2 the distance from the end of the snout to the caudal fin. Scales — very deciduous, some over the 

 base of the anal and dorsal fins : seven spinate scales behind the ventral and 15 or 16 anterior to it. Pseudo- 

 branchisB nidimentary. GUI-rakers rather longer than the eye. Oofo^irs— greenish along back, becoming 

 silvery dashed with gold along the abdomen, dorsal and caudal yellow, with the upper lobe of the caudal and 

 the upper margin of the dorsal stained with black : pectoral in the young yellowish, but in the adult of a deep 

 blue-black except the elongated ray which is usually uncolouied in its posterior three-fourths : ventral and 

 anal also unooloured. 



Habitat. — Orissa, Bengal, Cachar and Burma, in which latter country I have taken is as high up as 

 Mandalay. It attains at least 16 inches in length. The example figured (life-size) was from Calcutta. 



4 L * 



