628 PHYSOSTOMI. 



9. Engraulis breviceps. 



Cantor, Catal. Mai. Fist. p. 306 ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 401. 



Engraulis Pfeifferi, Bleeker, Borneo, p. 433. 



Setifinna hreviceps, Bleeker, Atl. let. vi, p. 157. 



Stolephorus (Setipinna) Pfeiff^eri, Bleeker, 1. c. t. 263, f. 3. 



B. xvi-six, D. 1 + 17(^), P. 14, V. 7, A. 60-64(^?^), C. 17, L. 1. 54-56, L. tr. 14. 



Length of head 7 to 7|, of caudal fin 6 to 6, height of body 4 to 4Hii the total length. Eyes — diameter 

 5| to 6 in the length of the head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout, and 1 to If apart. Lower jaw slightly 

 the longer : maxiUa truncated opposite the mandibular joint. Opercle high and narrow. Teeth — small ones 

 in the jaws, tongue, and palate. Fins — dorsal commences about midway between the snout and base of the 

 caudal fin. Pectoral with its upper ray prolonged. Anal commences somewhat in advance of the dorsal, the 

 length of its base being equal to half the total length excluding the caudal fin. Scales — the whole of the 

 abdominal edge serrated. Gill-rakers widely set and longer than the eye : 11 on the lower branch of the 

 outer branchial arch. Golowrs — greenish-yellow on the back, becoming silvery on the sides and beneath: 

 the body with some dark blotches in its upper half. Fins yellow, the dorsal, caudal, and last half of the anal 

 having dark margins. 



Habitat. — Bay of Bengal to the Malay Archipelago. 



10. Engraulis taty, Plate CLVIII, fig. 5. 

 Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. 60 ; Cantor, Catal. p. 306 ; Bleeker, Haring. p. 35 and Beng. p. 74 ; Day, Fish. 

 Malabar, p. 240 : Gunther, Catal. vii, p. 400. 



Engraulis tenuifilis, Cuv. and Yal. xxi, p. 62. 

 Engraulis telaroides, Bleeker, Madura, p. 13. 

 Setipvnna taty, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 136. 

 Stolephorus taty, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vi, t. 260, f. 7. 



B. xi-xii, D. 1 -}- 13-15(to?T2), P- 15, V. 7, A. 51-57(^?^), C. 19, L. 1. 42-46, L. tr. 12. 



Length of head 6 to 6| (5i in the very young), of caudal SJ, height of body 3| to 4 in the total length. 

 Eyes — subcutaneous, diameter 4 in the length of head, 1/2 to 2/3 of a diameter from the end of snout, and 1| 

 apart. Snout projecting over the lower jaw : the maxilla extends backwards beyond the mandibular joint 

 where it is dilated, posteriorly it is truncated. Teeth — fine in the jaws, a few villiform ones on the vomer, and 

 numerous on the palatines and pterygoids. Pins — dorsal arises nearer the snout or midway between it and 

 the root of the caudal, the anal is nearly half as long as the total length excluding the caudal fin, it begins 

 below the middle of the dorsal : first pectoral ray having (but not invariably) a long filamentous ending : caudal 

 lobed, the lower the longer. jScaZes— twelve scutes posterior to the base of the ventral fin and about 23 anterior 

 to it. GUI-rakers lanceolate and rather widely set. Colours — upper surface of head and back green, or 

 greenish-yellow, sparingly dotted with black : sides, abdomen, cheeks, and opercles silvery : dorsal, caudal, and 

 anal yellow, s6me black dots on dorsal : ventrals and pectorals yellowish, the latter sometimes dark : the edges 

 and posterior margins of the caudal blackish. Iris silvery, supraorbital half bluish-black. 



I have seen an example from Bombay with some black blotches on it. 



Sabitat. — Seas and estuaries of India and the Malay Archipelago. It attains at least six inches in 

 length and is eaten either fresh or salted. The example figured (life-size) was from Orissa. 



11. Engraulis purava, Plate CLVII, fig. 2. 

 Clivpea, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 73, and Peddah-poorawah, pi. 190. 

 Glwpea pwrajva. Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 238, 382. 



Engraulis purava, Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. 65 ; Cant. Mai. Fish. p. 308 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 74, and Atl. Ich. 

 vi, p. 135 ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 397. 



Thryssa megastoma, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 293. 

 Pussai and Tampara, Goriah. 



B. xii, D. 1 + 13(3^', P. 15, V. 6, A. 45-47G3?„), L. 1. 46, L. tr. 12. 



Length of head 6f to 6, of caudal 5i to 6, height of body 4? to 4J in the total length. Eyes — sub- 

 cutaneous, diameter 44 to 5 in the length of the head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout and 1 apart. Snout 

 slightly elevated and rather projecting (in adults) beyond the extremity of the lower jaw. Smooth portion of 

 the opercle rather above twice as high as wide, and oblique in its direction. The maxilla rather dilated opposite 

 the mandibular joint and gradually decreasing in width, it reaches nearly to the base of the pectoral fin. 

 Teeth — fine ones in both jaws. Fins — the dorsal commences midway between the snout and the base of the 

 caudal fin, or rather nearer the latter in some examples. Pectoral reaches the ventral which does not extend 

 half way to the base of the anal. Anal commences beneath the posterior dorsal rays. Caudal forked. Scales — 

 in regular horizontal lines, with a fine row at the base of the dorsal and anal fins : there are 15 or 16 spinate 

 scales between the throat and the base of the ventral fin, and 10 or 11 between the ventral and the base of the 

 anal. Colours — silvery, steel-blue along the back and a golden tinge about the head : dorsal and caudal fins 



