r 



FAMILY, VI— CLUPEID^. 



633 



Anodontostoma Hasseltii, Bleeker, Madura, p. 16. 



Chatoessus ehaounda, Cav. and Val. xxi, p. 3 ; Cantor, Catal. p. 311 ; Bleeker, Ben<r. p 74 and Sarin"- 

 p. 46; Jerdon M. J. L. and So. 1851, p. 146 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 337 ; Day, Fishes" of Malabar, p. 242°- 

 Giinther, Catal. vn, p. 411. > r ) 



? Ghatoessus tawpo, Cav. and Val. xxi, p. 117. 



Chatoessus selanghat, Bleeker, 1. c. p. 47, and Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind. iii, p. 458 (variety). 



Borosoma chaomida, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 143, t. 261, fig. 5 and 6. 



Muddeeru, Tel. ; Kore-paig-dah, And. 



B. vi, D. 17.19(^:a^), p. 15, V. 8, A. 19-20(^1^^), C. 19, L. 1. 40-42, L. tr. 13-14. 



Length of head 4^ to 5, of caudal 4^ to 4|, height of body 2\ to 2f in the total length. Eyes— 

 diameter 3t to 3f in the length of the head, 2/3 of a diameter from the end of snout, and 1 apart. Head as 

 high as long. Snout projecting considerably beyond the gape of the transverse mouth. Opercle rather more 

 than twice as high as wide. Fins— origin of dorsal nearer the snout than the base of the caudal fin, no 

 elongated ray. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout. Caudal forked. Ventral inserted below the 

 middle of the dorsal fin. Scales -with, smooth edges, regularly arranged ; 28 spines along the abdominal and 

 thoracic edge, 16 or 17 of which are anterior to the ventral fin. Colours— golden shot with purple, lines formed 

 of spots along the rows of scales in the upper third of the body, a black spot on the shoulder. 



The variety C. selanghat, is more elongated, its height being 3 to 3 Ha the total length : the height of 

 the head only equals its length excluding the snout : its body is stouter. It is common in Burma and at the 

 Andamans. 



Habitat. — Seas and estuaries of India and Burma to the Malay Archipelago. It attains at least 8 inches 

 in length. ^ 



2. Chatoessus modestus, Plate CLX, fig. 1. 



Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 622. 



B. vi, D. 14-16(yT-!TT), P. 16, V. 8, A. 27-28(^^.\^), C. 21, L. 47, L. tr. 17. 



Length of head 5 to 5j, of caudal 4 to 4^, height of body 2f to 3 in the total length. Eyes — diameter 3 

 to 3j in length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout, and 1 apart : profile above the nape slightly concave, 

 then a great rise to the base of the dorsal fin : abdominal profile equally convex : snout moderately projecting 

 over the lower jaw. The upper jaw reaches to opposite the centre of the anterior margin of the orbit, where it 

 is bent suddenly downwards. Fins — dorsal commences slightly nearer to the snout than to the base of the 

 caudal fin : it is high anteriorly, its upper edge concave. Pectoral reaches to above the ventral, which latter is 

 inserted somewhat in advance of the origin of the dorsal. Scales — ^regularly arranged, with smooth edges, 1 7 

 to 18 serrations anterior to the ventral fin, and 11 to 12 posterior to it. Gill-rakers closely set and short, not 

 exceeding 1/3 of the diameter of the eye. Free portion of the tail higher than long. Colours — yellowish shot 

 with purple. 



Sabitat. — Along the Bassein River as high as the Een-gay-gyee Lake, also the Selwein at Moulmein. 

 Many specimens were taken up to 5^ inches in length. 



3. Chatoessus manminna, Plate CLX, fig. 2. 



Clupanodon manminna and cortius, Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 247, 249, 383. 

 Chatoessus manmvnna, Cuv, and Val. xxi, p. 114 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 76. 

 Ghatoessus cortius, Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. 116 ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 410. 



B. vi, D. 14-15(yf:f-3), P- 15, V. 8, A. 22-24(t»«2-t^> L- 1- 58-63, L. tr. 22-24. 



Length of head 4f to 5, of caudal 4| to 6g-, height of body 3f to 31 in the total length. Eijes — diameter 

 3 to 3i in the length of the head, 2/3 to 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout, and 1 apart. Abdominal profile 

 usually much more convex than the dorsal. Snout prominent. Maxilla not reaching to the orbit. Teeth — ■ 

 absent. Fins — dorsal commences rather nearer the snout than the base of the caudal, and slightly in advance 

 of the origin of the ventral, its last ray is slightly prolonged. Pectoral reaches the ventral. Caudal deeply 

 forked, lower lobe the longer. Scales — irregularly arranged : 29 to 32 rows before the base of the dorsal fin : 

 scutes strong, 17 between the throat and the base of the ventral fin, and 13 behind it. Gill-rakers rather closely 

 set, and quite 1/3 as long as the eye. Colours — silvery glossed with gold : cheeks purplish: back with a bluish- 

 green tint, and usually a black spot on the shoulder. Fins yellowish, the dorsal and caudal with dark outer 

 edges. 



Hamilton Buchanan termed the form destitute of the shoulder mark C. cortius. 



Habitat. — Fresh waters of Sind, and the districts watered by the Indus and its branches, also the affluents 

 and main streams of the Ganges, Jumna, Brahmaputra and Mahanuddi. It is spread through the tanks and 

 estuaries of India and Assam, except the Deccan, Southern and Western India, and Ceylon. It attains at least 

 11 inches in length. 



4 M 



