FAMILY, VI— CLUPEID^. 635 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



A. — Teeth m lower jaw* 

 a.— Teeth on tongue, palatines, pterygoids, hut none on the vomer. 



1. Clupeahowal, D 19 A. 20-22, L. 1 45, L. tr. 11-12. Length of head 5, height of body 3i to 3^ in 

 the total. Eyes 3 in length of head. Seas of Africa and India to the Malay Archipelago 



2 GlMpea o.tricauda,!) 18, A. 17-1 9, L. 1. 44-46, L. tr. 11. Length of head 4|, height of body 4| in the 

 total. Eyes 3i to 4 in length of head. Caudal black tipped. Andamans to the Malay Archipelago. 



3. OlupeaKlume,,!). 17-18 A. 17-18, L. 1. 46, L. tr. 11-12. Length of head k to 4f, height of body 

 4^ to 4f m length of head. Eyes 3 to 3i m the length of head. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 

 .> . a ^JC'P!\^^°9<^'ter, B 17-18 A. 18-20, L. 1. 40, L. tr. 11-12. Length of head 5 to 5i, height of body 

 5i to 6 m the total length. Eyes 3^ to 4 m the length of head. Ceylon to the Malay Archipelago 



.,, . .'ti !fr ^'^^'''P/' V-}^-^l' ^- ^^-^^' ^- ^- ^^-^^- L'^^g*^ of l^ead 3i to 4, height of body 5 to 5i in 

 the total length. Eyes A\ to 5 m the length of head. Seas of Sind and India to the Malay Archipelago. 



6- — Teeth on tongue and palatines, none on pterygoid or vomer. 



6. Glupea fimlriata, D. 18-19, A. 19-20, L. 1. 45-48. Length of head 5 to 5i, height of body 4 to 4Hn 

 the total length. Eyes 3i in length of head. Red Sea, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



c. — Teeth on tongue, none on palatines, pterygoids, or vomer. 



7. Glupea Sindensis, D. 16-17, A. 18-19, L. 41-44, L. tr. 11. Length of head 4f to 5, height of body 4i 

 to 4| m the total length. Eyes 4i in length of head. Tail fin sometimes dark tipped. Seas of Africa and 

 India. 



B. — No teeth in the-jaws. 



a. — Teeth on pterygoids and on the tongue : none on vomer or palatines. 



8. Chpea lile, D. 14-15, A. 17-20, L. 1. 38-40, L. tr. 9-10. Length of head 6 to 5i, height of body 3i 

 to 3f in the total length. Eyes 3 to 3i in length of head. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



b. — No teeth inside mouth. 



9. Clwpea va/riegata, D. 15-18, A. 24-29, L. 1. 90, L. tr. 35. Length of head 4^ to 4f , height of body 3 

 in the total length. Eyes 4 to 4i in the length of head. Fresh waters of Burma. 



10. Glupea chapra, D. 14-16, A. 21-24, L. 1. 80-110, L. tr. 33-35. Length of head 4i to 4i, height of 

 body 3^ to 4 in the total length. Eyes 3|- in the length of head. Fresh waters of India. 



11. Glwpea iUsha, D. 18-19, A. 19-22, L. 1. 46-49, L. tr. 17-19. Length of head 4^ to 4i, height of 

 body 3i to 3f in the total length. Eyes before the middle of length of head. Persian Gulf and seas of India 

 to Burma and the Malay Archipelago : ascending rivers to breed. 



_ 12. Glupea koMagurta, D. 17, A. 20-21, L. 1. 42-45, L. tr. 13-14. Length of head 4|, height of body 3^ 

 to 3^ in the total length. Eyes just in front of middle of length of head. Seas and estuaries of India and the 

 Malay Archipelago. 



13. Glupea toli, D. 16-17, A. 19-20, L. 1. 39-40, L. tr. 13-14. Length of head 5 to 5i, height of body 

 31 to 4 in the total length. Eyes 4^ in length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout. Seas of India to the 

 Malay Archipelago and China. 



14. Glwpea melanura, D. 15-16, A. 18-19, L. 1. 38-40, L. tr. 10-11. Length of head 5, height of body 4 

 to 5 in the total length. Eyes 3 to 3^ in length of head, 1 diameter from end of snoiit. Seas of India to the 

 Malay Archipelago. 



A. — Teeth in lower jaw. 



a. — Teeth on tongue, palatines, pterygoids, but not on the vomer. 



1. Clupea brachysoma, Plate CLXIII, fig. 3. 



Kowala thoracata (Cuv. and Val. xx, p. 363 ?) ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 74 ; Cantor, Malay. Fish. p. 296 ; 

 Jerdon, Mad. Joum. Lit. and Science, 1851, p. 145. 



Sardvnella brachysoma, Bleeker, Haring. p. 19. 



Glupea brachysoma, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 423; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 104, t. 267, f. 2. 



Alosa kowal, Giinther, Fish. Zanzibar, p. 123. 



Glupea kowal, Giinther, Catal. vii, pp. 450-60 (pt.) ; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 109. 



Gwrudden toaddy, Mai. 



B. vi, D. 19(t^^), p. 17, V. 8, A. 20-22(il:|^), C. 20, L. 1. 46, L. tr. 11-12. 



Length of head 5, of caudal 4^, height of body 3^ to 3^ in the total length. Eyes — with broad adipose 

 lids, diameter about 3 in the length of the head, nearly 1 diameter from the end of snout, and 4/5 of a diameter 

 apart. Abodminal profile more convex than the dorsal. Lower jaw rather prominent : maxilla reaching to 

 below the first third or middle of the eye. Opercle rather more than twice as high as wide. Teeth — a few on 



* In some instances these are lost, occasionally they are very minute or even not developed. 



4 M 2 



