638 PHTSOSTOMI. 



Chvpea gibhosa, Bleeker, Celebes, p. 72, and Atl. Ich. vi, p. 106, t. 266, f. 6. 



Clupea fimbriata, Giintlier, Catal. vii, p. 427 (part) ; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 105, t. 271, f. 5. 



Olwpea Swndwica, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 106. 



Eich-uk-louar, Sind ; CuUay-charlay, Malabar : Poonduringa, Tarn. : Charree-addee, Hind. 



B. vi, D. 18-19(t4*tt), ?• 1^, V. 8, A. 19-20(tt?tt)> C. 20, L. 1. 45-48, L. tr. 11-12. 



Length, of head 5 to 55, of caudal 4j to 4|, height of body 4 to 4f or even 5 in the total length. Eyes — 

 diameter 3i in length of head, nearly 1 diameter from end of snout and also apart. Abdominal more convex 

 thap the dorsal profile. Lower jaw slightly prominent : the maxilla reaches to below the first third of the eye. 

 Opercle about twice as high as wide : sub-opercle nearly triangular and rather longer than high. Teeth — 

 deciduous in the jaws, a band along the middle of the tongue, a patch on the palatines, none on the vomer or 

 pterygoids. FiMs — dorsal rather higher anteriorly than its base is long, it commences midway between the end 

 of the snout and the posterior extremity of the base of the anal, its upper border concave. Pectoral reaches 

 2/3 of the way to the ventral, the last fin being inserted under the middle of the dorsal. Last two anal rays 

 thickened and a little prolonged. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — regularly arranged, with their free edges 

 jagged. Scutes moderately developed, 14 or 15 posterior to the ventral fin, and 16 or 17 before it. Free 

 portion of the tail rather higher than long. Colours — bluish-green, the sides silvery. Dorsal fin with numerous 

 fine black dots, and a black mark at the base of its anterior rays. Caudal with bluish refiections and tipped 

 with dark. 



I think it evident that this is the fish alluded to by Russell, he observes that making their appearance in 

 March they are abundant through the summer months. Having examined the figure of G. Neohowii with the 

 late Dr. Bleeker, we came to the conclusion that it might be intended for this species. 



Sa/rdvnella Imeolata, Cuv. and Val. xx, p. 272, appears from the description, to difier from this species 

 in the posterior frontals not being striated. 



Having received some examples of G. gibhosa and G. tembang, Bleeker, from the Leyden Museum, and 

 named by the author, I consider them identical with the foregoing. I have figured the highest example I have, 

 in some the height of the body is only 1/5 of that of the total length, the variations in this respect being very 

 great. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. It abounds in certain years off the Malabar 

 coast. The example figured (life-size) was from Vizagapatam. 



7. Clupea Sindensis, Plate CLXIII, fig. 2. 



? Meletta venenosa, Cuv. and Val. xx, p. 377. 



? Alosa venenosa, Gunther, Fish. Zanzibar, p. 122. 



? Glvfea venenosa, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 449. 



B. vi, D. 16-17(t32t^), P. 15, V. 8, A. IQA^^l-^), C. 21, L. 1. 41-44, L. tr. 11. 



Length of head 4f to 5, of caudal fin 5^ to 6, height of body 4| to 4f in the total length. Hyes — with 

 rather broad adipose lids, diameter 4j in the length of head, 1^ diameters from end of snout and 1 apart. The 

 greatest height of the head rather exceeds its length excluding the snout. Lower jaw prominent. The maxilla 

 reaches to below the first 1/4 of the eye. Preorbital with a raised and branched ridge. Opercles smooth : 

 opercle about twice as high as wide : sub-opercle low and truncated posteriorly. Teeth — a narrow band along 

 the tongue, fine ones in lower jaw, none on the vomer, palatines, or pterygoids. Fvns — dorsal commences 

 nearer the snout than the base of the caudal, its entire base being midway between these two points. Pectoral 

 reaches 2/3 of the distance to the ventral, which latter fin is inserted below the middle of the dorsal. Scales — 

 with their edges a Kttle rough (especially in large examples) and having some vertical lines. Scutes not well 

 developed, 13 to 14 behind the base of the ventral fin. Gill-rakers closely set, nearly as long as the eye. Gill 

 cavity in Indian examples of a deep brown or black. Golours — back of an intensely deep blue ; sides golden, 

 shot with purple and blue. Fins yellowish, a black spot at base of dorsal anteriorly, and its upper edge 

 dark : the end of the caudal lobes sometimes dark. There are also lines along the rows of scales in the 

 upper 2/3 of the body : a small dark shoulder mark which is more or less lost ia the adult. 



Habitat. — Seas of the Seychelles, Sind and Bombay. It attains at least 8 inches in length. The example 

 figured (life-size) was from Kurrachee. 



B. — No teeth in jaws. 

 «• — Teeth on 'pterygoids and tongue, none on vomer or palatines. 



8. Clupea lile, Plate CLXII, fig. 1. 



Meletta lile, Cuv. and Val. xx, p. 378 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 74. 



AloMsa champil. Cantor, Malay. Fish. p. 302 (not Gray and Hardwicke). 



Bogenia wrgyrutcenia, Bleeker, Haring. p. 26, and Banka, p. 467 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 328. 



