FAMILY, I— SYNGNATHID^. 679 



Length, of head 85 in the total length, or 3| in the distance between the end of the snout and the vent : 

 the length of the trnnk 2| in the total length. JBj/es— diameter 6 to 6| in the length of the head. Snout much 

 longer than the postocular region, and equalling the distance from the hind edge of the eye to the middle of 

 the pectoral fin. A low median ridge along the snout, crown, and nape : a second along the side of the head. 

 Fms — dorsal on six rings commencing on the last body ring. CoZoiws— body with .irregular brown cross bars, 

 each with a white posterior edge : black dots on the dorsal. 



Habitat. — East coast of Africa, seas of India, to the Malay Archipelago. 



Genus, 2 — Ichthtocampus, Kawp. 



The ridges of the concave hack and tail are continuous, and are continued (although sometimes very 

 indistinctly) to the caudal Jin. Dorsal fin nearly or quite opposite to the vent. Pectorals and caudal present. 

 Males with an egg-jpoueh, having a cutaneous covering, situated on the tail. 



Oeographtcal distribution. — Seas of India to Australia. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. Ichthyocanipus carce, D. 23-26, Osseous rings 15-16+38-40. Brown, with milk-white spots on 

 the body. Seas, estuaries, and fresh waters of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



1. Ichthyocampus carce, Plate CLXXIV, fig. 2. 



SyngnathMs carce, Ham. Buch. Fish. Gang. pp. 13, 362 ; Gray and Hard. 111. Ind. Zool. (from H.B.'s 

 MSS.) ; Sleeker, Beng. pp. 80, I6I. 



Typhl/as Ponticerianus, Bibron, Paris Mus. (Kaup.) 



lohthyocamvpus Ponticerianus, Kaup, Lophob. p. 31 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 391 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, 

 p. 263 ; Dumeril, Hist. Poiss. ii, p. 540. 



Ichthyocampus carce, Kaup, 1. c. p. 30 ; Dumeril, Hist. Poiss. ii, p. 540 ; Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 176. 



D. 23-26, P. 17, A. 2, C. 6, Osseous rings 16-16 +38-40. 



Length of head 3| in the distance between the end of the snout and the vent : the distance between 

 end of snout and vent is 2f in the total length. Uyes — diameter 1/6 of length of head, nearly 3 diameters from 

 end of snout, and 1/3 of a diameter apart. Body higher than it is wide. Snout slightly elevated in its anterior 

 third : interorbital space slightly concave, with a sharp low median ridge passing along the snout : another 

 exists in the occipital region. A very sharp straight ridge crosses the opercle. Egg- pouch about 1/2 as long as 

 the tail. Fins — the dorsal is situated on the second to the eighth caudal rings. Rings — with smooth edges. 

 Colours — deep brown, with one — occasionally two — milk-white spots in the centre of each body ring along the 

 infero-lateral ridge : the lower surface of the snout dotted with black spots : dorsal fin yellow : pectoral and 

 caudal leaden-colour : eye greenish-blue. 



Habitat. — Seas, estuaries, and fresh waters of India and Malay Archipelago ; where it grows to about 

 5 inches in length. 



B. — Humieral bones united : male with egg-pouch on abdomen : pectoral and caudal fins present. 



Genus, 3 — Doeyichthys, Kaup. 

 Dm-yrhamphMS, Ohceroichthys, and Microphis, Kaup : Belonichthys, Peters. 



Bidges on body well-developed : lateral-line interrupted or continued to the lower edge of the tail. Dorsal fiit 

 situated opposite the vent amd of moderate length or elongated. 



Geographical distribution.— Seas of the tropics, some species entering fresh waters. 



SYNOPSIS OP SPECIES. 



1. Donjichthys cunculus, D. 50, Osseous rings 17-18 + 25-27. Dorsal fin stands on 11 rings. Tidal rivers 

 along the coasts of India. 



2. Doryichthys Bleelceri, D. 40-45, Osseous rings 21 + 22. Dorsal fin stands on 9 rings. Malabar. 



3. Doryichthys deoaata, D. 30, Osseous rings 16 + 32. Rivers of Bengal and Behar. 



1. Doryichthys cunculus, Plate CLXXIV, fig. 4. 



Svnqnathus cwnculus, Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 12, 362 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 80 



Microphis crnimUs, Kaup, Catal. Lopho. Fish. Brit. Mus. p. 64 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 266 ; Dumeril, 

 Hist. Poiss. ii, p. 591. 



Doryichthys cwnculus, GUnther, Catal. viii, p. 181. 



Kwnrmr dant, " Crocodile's teeth," Ooriah. 



D. 50, P. 16-18, A. 2, C. 8-9, Osseous rings 17-18 + 25-27. 



Length of head 4 J in the distance between the end of the snout and the vent: length of trunk from 

 snout to vent about 1/2 of the total length. Eyes—oi moderate size, situated in the middle of the length ot 



