FAMILY, I— SCLERODERMI. 693 



Monacanthus cirrifer, Temm. and ScUegel, Fauna Japon. Poiss. p. 290, t. cxxx, f. i • Bleeker Japan 

 p. 31. ' > if ) 



Monacanthus varim, Ranzani, Nov. Coram. Ac. So. Inst. Bonom. 1842, v, p. 6, t. ii. 



Monacanthus hroceus, Storer, Proc. Bost. See. Nat. Hist. 1842, p. 84 (not Mitciiell). 



Monacanthus filamentosus and galUnula, Val. in Webb and Berthal. lies Canar. Poiss. p. 95 pi xvii f 1 



Monacanthus signifer, Storer, Mem. Am. Ac. ii, 1846, p. 497, and viiii p. 426, t. xxxv, f.'l. ' ' 



Monacanthus auriga, Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 263. 



Monacanthus Massachusettensis, Storer, Fisb. Mass. p. 174, and Mem. Am. Ac. viii p 426 t xxxiv f A ■ 

 Dekay, 1. c. p. 336, t, Ivii, f. 187. ' ^' '''''■ ^^^^^' ^- * > 



Monacanthus Jcomuki, Bleeker, 1. c. t. iii, f. 3, and Japan, p. 13, c. fig. 



Monacanthus auratus, Castelnau, Poiss. Afr. Austr. p. 77. 



B. vi, D. 1/28-34, P. 12, A. 29-33, C. 9. 



Lengtb of bead 3i to 3|, of caudal fin 4-1-, beigbt of body 2i to 2f in tbe total length. ^2/e«— situated 

 in tbe posterior balf of tbe bead, 2 to 2i diameters from tbe end of snout. Body elevated. Fins— the first 

 dorsal situated above tbe posterior portion of tbe eye, and at tlie bigbest point of the dorsal profile : tbe spine 

 may be strong or weak, prolonged or not so. Second dorsal having its anterior ray occasionally with a 

 filamentous prolongation. Ventral spine small, movable, attached to tbe abdominal membrane. Caudal rounded. 

 Scales — present but small, tbe skin appears as if it were velvety. Colours— oi a duU brown, with dark blotches 

 and streaks : caudal fin with two dark vertical bands. 



Halitat. — East coast of Africa, seas of India to China and Japan : also tropical and sub-tropical parts of 

 tbe Atlantic. 



2. Monacanthus choirocephalus, Plate CLXXIX, fig. 3. 

 Bleaker, Balist. p. 19, pi. ii, f. 4 ; Gfinther, Catal. viii, p. 242. 

 Paramonacanthus choirocephalus, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. v, p. 131, t. ccxxvii, f. 3. 

 B. vi, D. 1/28, P. 13, A. 28-30, C. 12. 



Length of head 3|, of caudal fin 5, height of body 2|- in the total length. Eyes — situated in tbe 

 posterior balf of tbe bead over tbe gill-opening and below tbe dorsal spine : 2i diameters from tbe end of 

 snout and 1 apart. Body rather elevated, profile from snout to first dorsal fin almost straight. Tbe origin 

 of tbe second dorsal fin is at nearly the highest point of tbe dorsal profile. Fins — dorsal spine situated over, 

 the last 1/2 of the eye, rather weak, rough anteriorly, and with a row of small barbs on either side of its 

 posterior surface. Second dorsal and anal with the first few rays rather shorter- than the succeeding ones. 

 Ventral spine movable, without any enlarged . spines at its termination. Caudal rounded, sometimes with a 

 setiform prolongation of one of its upper rays. Scales — indistinctly visible, skin not very rough : numerous 

 small fleshy tentacles on tbe sides of the body. Colours — of a gray stone-colour, with irregular and rather 

 large black blotches ; two dark bands across tbe caudal fin. 



This species is not rare at Madras. It differs from the form described by Bleeker in having numerous 

 fleshy appendages over the body. 



Habitat. — Madras to the Malay Archipelago. 



B. — Dorsal spine rough hut harlless. 



3. Monacanthus monoceros, Plate CLXXIX, fig. 2. 



Balistes monoceros, Osbeok's Voy. transl. by Forster, 1771, i, p. 173; Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 404 ; Blocb. 

 t. 147 ; Bonn. Ich. p. 17, t. x, f. 34 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1462, var. a. ; Bl. Scbn. p. 462 ; Lacep. i, p. 386. 



Lija harhuda, Parra, p. 48, t. xxii, fig. 2. 



Balistes Kleinii, Grnel. Linn. p. 1472. 



Balistes monoceros, var. unicolor, Bl. Scbn. p. 463. 



Balistes serraticornis, Freminv. Nouv. Bull. Sc. Soc. Pbilom. No. 67, p. 249, t. iv, f. 1. 



Aleuteres Berardi, Less. Voy. Coq. Zool. p. 107, t.'vii; Richards. Voy. Sulphur, Ich. p. 132, pi. Ixi, f. 1, 

 and Ich. China, pp. 202, 318 ; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 149. 



Aluteria cinerea, Temm. and Schleg. Fauna Japon. Poiss. p. 292, t. cxsxi, f. 1. 



Alutera monoceros, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 327. 



AlutariMS amrphacamthoides and macracanthus, Bleeker, Balist. pp. 22, 23, t. ii, f. 5, and t. iii, f. 6. 



Ahbtarius ohliteratus, Cantor, Catal. Malay. Fish. p. 363 (young). 



Balistes linguatula, Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 36. 



Aluterus anginosus, Hollard, Ann. Sc. Nat. 1856, iv, p. 11. 



Alutera Ountheriana, Poey, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1863, p. 184. 



Aleuteres monoceros, Cuv. R^gn. Anim. ; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. v, p. 140, t. ccxxvi, f. 2. 



Monacanthus monoceros, Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 251. 



B. vi, D. 1/46-48, P. 14, A. 48-63, C. 12. 



Lengtb of bead about 4, of caudal fin 8, beigbt of body from 2| to 3| in tbe total lengtb. Fyes - rather 



