FAMILY, II— GTMNODONTES. 701 



prolongation backwards : a second transverse band over the back : four black spots under throat : caudal and 

 anal dark edged. Cochin. 



16. Teirodon fluviatilis. Two-rooted and widely separated spines from eye to the base of the dorsal 

 fin, and along the abdomen as far as the vent. Greenish olive superiorly, becoming light on the sides and 

 below. La^e black blotches along the sides, and two or more light bands cross between the eyes and over 

 the back. Seas and estuaries of India to the Malay Archipelago, and beyond. 



c. — Nasal organs meonspiouous : hack compressed into a heel {Anosmms, Peters). 

 16. Tetrodon marga/ritaUis. Spines minute, but usually cover the body. Dull reddish, becoming 

 lighter beneath'. Blue bands and spots on the head, and blue spots on the body : caudal fin with or without 

 similar spots. Red Sea to the Malay Archipelago, and beyond. 



A. — Bach broad : nasal organs conspicuous. 

 a. Two nasal openings on either side, situated in a single and prominent papilla: a fold of shin along the lower 



pa/rt of the side of the tail (Oastrophysus). 



1. Tetrodon inermis, Plate CLXXX, fig. 1. 



Tetraodon inermis, Temm. and Schleg. Fauna Japon. p. 278, t. cxxii, f. 2. 

 B. V, D. 12-13. P. 19, A. 11, C. 10. 



Length of head equals its distance from the base of the dorsal fin. Eyes — rather large and situated 

 nearer the gill-opening than the end of the snout. Interorbital space broad, equalling IJ diameters of the eye. 

 Teeth — in the two jaws of about the same size. JPm*— dorsal with its anterior rays the longest, situated in 

 the last third of the distance between the nostrils and base of the caudal fin, its height is rather above twice 

 the length of its base : anal of similar size and shape. Caudal emarginate. Spines — if they can be so 

 termed, are soft and widely separated, they only exist along the abdominal surface, pot extending so far as 

 the vent. A moderately well marked fold of skin along the side of the tail. Skin on the summit of the head 

 with short longitudinal rugse. Colours — Upper surface of head and back plumbaceous : a broad dull brown 

 band passes from the eye nearly to the tail, beneath which it is silvery white. GUI-opening black internally : 

 dorsal fin dark in its upper 2/3 : caudal dark in its last half, margined with white. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to Japan. The example figured was from Madras, where it attains at least 

 17'5 inches in length. 



2. Tetrodon Innaris, Plate CLXXXII, fig. 2. 



Tetrodon limaris, Bl. Schn. p. 505 ; Temm. and Schleg. Eaun. Japon. Poiss. p. 277, pi. 122, fig. 1 ; 

 Eiipp. N.W. Fisch. p. 59 ; Cant. Mai. Fish. p. 378 ; Bleek. Beng. p. 78, and Atl. Ichth. v, p. 63, pi. ccv, fig. 2 ; 

 Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 150 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 255 ; Russell, Fish. Vizag. i, p. 20, pi. xxix ; 

 Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 274 ; Klunz. Fische Roth. Meer. 1871, p. 639. 



Tetrodon tepa. Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 10, 302. 



Tetrodon leiopleura, Gray and Hardw. 111. Ind. Zool. 



Physogaster lunaris, Mull. Abhandl. Ak. Wiss. Berl. 1839, p. 252. 



Gastrophysus hmaris, Mull. Wiegm. Arch, ix, p. 330; Blyth, J. A. S. of Beng. 1860, p. 173. 



Promeeocephalus lunaris (Bibr.), Dumeril, Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 279. 



Tetrodon spaddceus, Richards. Voy. Sulph. Ichth. p. 123, pi. 58, figs. 4 and 5 ; Bleek. Atl. Ichth. v, p. 64, 

 pi. covii, fig. 1. 



Kappa koorawah, Tel. : Oha-mo-da,h, Andamanese. 

 ,B. V. D. 12-14, P. 16-19, A. 11-12, C. 10. 



Length of the head equal to or rather less than the distance between it and the base of the dorsal fin. 

 ;Eyes — ^rather large, and situated much nearer gill-opening than to the end of the snout : interorbital space flat 

 and equal to 1^ diameters of the eye. Teeth — in jaws of about the same size. Fins— dorsal with its anterior 

 rays the longest, situated in the last third of the distance between the front edge or middle of the eye and the 

 base of the caudal fin : anal similar to dorsal. Caudal emarginate. Spines— small, entirely covering the back, 

 or only anteriorly from opposite the front margin of the eyes : abdomen similarly protected : snout, sides and 

 tail spineless. CoZowrs— Greenish-olive above, sides and abdomen of a white satin, having a yellowish line from 

 the eye to the centre of the caudal fin : end of caudal dark with a light outer edge. 



Habitat.— Ued Sea, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago, and beyond : attaining at least a foot m 

 length. The example figured was from Madras. The fry are common in the Hooghly. 



3. Tetrodon sceleratus. 



(Forster) Gmel. Linn, i, p. 1444 ; Bl. Schn. p. 506 ; Lacep. i, pp. 476, 508 ; Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 726 ; 

 Klunz. Fish. Roth. Meer. 1871, p. 640. ^ ■, ^ ■, , 



Teirodon argenteus, Lacep. Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. iv, 1804, p. 211, t. Iviii. f. 2 ; Temm. and Schleg. 

 Fauna Japon. Poiss. p. 275, t. cxxi. f. 2 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 78 ; Banka, p. 737, and Atl. Ich. v, p. 64, 

 t. ccix, f. 1. 



