716 PLAGIOSTOMATA-SELACHOIDEI. 



Length of the preoral portion of the snout equal to the width of the mouth. Nostrils midway between 

 the end of the snout and the mouth. Teeth — ff, the upper triangular with a slightly notched outer border : 

 the lower nearly erect, narrow, and on a broad base. Fins — the dorsal commences a short distance behind 

 the angle of the pectoral : second dorsal opposite to, nearly as long as, but lower than the anal, and elongated 

 posteriorly. Pectoral with its upper edge 4| to 5 times as long as its lower : caudal 1/4 of the total length. 

 Colours — a deep black spot at the lower edge of the end of the pectoral fin : a second at the end of the inferior 

 lobe of the caudal : no black spot on the first dorsal. 



The example or rather remnants of the skin, head, and fins of a "half-grown male," which were shown 

 me at the British Museum, as this species from the Seychelles, give eight inches as the distance from the 

 snout to the first gill-opening ; the fish when entire would therefore have been about four feet long. The 

 example is very similar to C. Umbatws. 



Habitat. — East coast of Africa, Seas of India. 



14. Carcharias Ellioti, Plate CLXXXIX, fig. 2. 



Length of the preoral portion of the snout equal to the width of the mouth, but less than the distance 

 between the eye and the first gill-opening. A well-developed labial groove along the outer side of the 

 maxilla, and a slight one on the mandible. Eyes rather small. Nostrils rather nearer mouth than to the end 

 of the snout. Gill-openings much wider than the orbit. No trace of any spiracle. Teeth — ^f^I|-|, the upper 

 nearly triangular without any notch or basal enlargement, very coarsely serrated on both edges : those in the 

 mandible obliquely erect, awl-shaped, becoming smaller and more triangular at the angle of the mouth ; the 

 awl-shaped ones have a cusp at either side of the base, below which the outer edge has a few serrations : the 

 external triangular ones are serrated externally. Fins — the first dorsal commences just behind the root of the 

 pectoral, its base being nearer to it than to the ventral : second dorsal smaller than the first, but larger than 

 the anal, before which it commences. Pectoral falciform, its internal margin 1/3 of the length of its outer, the 

 fin reaches to beneath the end of the base of the dorsal. Anal below the last two-thirds of the second dorsal. 

 Caudal 3f in the total length : a well-developed pit before its base. Colours — gray superiorly, becoming 

 nearly white beneath. 



This species is the one referred to by Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 148. 



Habitat. — Seas of India. The example figured (a skin nearly six feet in length) was from Kurrachee, 

 where it is not uncommon. A very good figure of it exists among Sir Walter Elliot's drawings of Madras 

 fish. It is stated to be termed Puducan or Adugu-pal sorrah, Tamil ; and Pal sorrah at Vizagapatam. 



15. Carcharias menisorrah, Plate CLXXXIV, fig. 1. 



Carcharias (Prionodon) menisorrah, Miill. and Henle, Plagios. p. 46, t. xvii ; Bleeker, Plagios. p. 35, 

 t. i, f. 3 ; Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss. i, p. 369. 



Carcharias {Prionodon) tjutjot, Bleeker, 1. c. p. 36, t. i, f. 4 ; Dumeril, 1. c. p. 371. 

 Carcharias menisorrah, Giinther, Gatal. viii, p. 371 ; Klunz. Ksch. Roth. Meer. 1871, p. 660. 

 Carcha/rias Malaba/ricus, Day, Jour. Linn. Society, i, 1871, p. 529. 

 Karamwottee sorrah and Giga sorrah, Tel. 



Preoral portion of snout nearly or quite as long as the mouth is wide : the width of the head equals the 

 distance from the angle of the mouth to the end of the snout. A very small groove at the angle of the mouth 

 extending a short distance on to the upper jaw. TeeiA— twenty-eight in the upper jaw, they are obhque, 

 triangular, notched externally, and serrated in the whole extent of their cusps : lower teeth erect, slender, 

 lanceolate, not serrated and having broad bases. Fins — pectoral not so long as head, one fifth longer 

 than broad at its extremity, it is scarcely emarginate, its inner margin equals about half the length of the 

 outer : base of the second dorsal slightly more than half of that of the first dorsal, it is opposite the anal, and 

 almost as large as it. Posterior end of the dorsal fin is at an equal distance from the ventrals as its anterior end 

 is from the root of the pectoral. Upper edge of the caudal almost straight, its length being slightly more than 

 the interval between its base and the origin of the ventral. Colours— gv&j above, white below : upper half of 

 the second dorsal deep black. In Miiller and Henle, and in Giinther's Catalogue the black is omitted, so it may 

 occasionally be absent : it is adverted to by Bleeker, and also present in a fine specimen I have received from 

 Leyden labelled by Dr. Bleeker. 



Habitat. — Red Sea to the Malay Archipelago. The example figured (nineteen iuches in length) was from 

 Calicut. It attains twelve feet or more in length. 



16. Carcharias limbatus, Plate CLXXXIV, fig. 2. 



Carcharias (Prionodon) limbatus, Miill. and Henle, p. 49, t. xix, f. 9 (teeth) ; Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss. 

 i, p. 375. 



Carcha/rias microps, Lowe, Proc, Z. Soc. 1840, p. 38, 1843, p. 93, and Trans. Zool. Soc. iii, p. 18. 

 Isogomphodon maculipimnis, Poey, Rep. Pis. Nat. i, p. 191, t. iv, f. 2, 3, and ii, p. 245, t. ii, f. 1-3. 

 GarahaHas maculipinnis, Giinther, Trans. Zool. Soc. vi, p. 490. 

 Carcharias {Prionodon) Mullen, Steind. Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien. 1867, Ivi, p. 366. 



