FAMILY, I— CARCHAEIID^. 71 7 



Carcharias h'mhatus, Giintlier, Catal. viii, p. 373. 

 Ca/roharias Ehrenbergi, Klunz. Fiscli. R. Meer. 1871, p. 661. 



eSeSr n^Jr fTo ^ ^^T.^"'* giU-openmg : a short groove at the angle of the mouth scarcely 



extending on to the upper jaw. JE?2/es-small : gill-openings about twice the size of the eve Teeth- 

 ^^Cr^^Z'T'^^^'^r: ^^^J^^^X^^^^ - l-rUtL upper broader than those i^ tTelow^rt^ 

 YoitheWhrtl?. ^°^,^.T:^* «™\l^r «t^P«-- Y"^ serrated, but most distinctly in the upper jaw : in^he 

 JSSLs a?e ^Xbt ^■'''''f^^f P^l" t°/f^e smooth edges, but under the microscope* the rudiments 

 tL b^se of thTvent™? S!' ^^'^^T*^! l^^g*^ f/l'^ fe^se °f tlie anal is equal to about 2/3 of its orient from 

 the base ot the ventral : the pectoral extends to below or even to beyond the hind edge of the dorsal fin ■ its 



?v:tTe^nt^r\n.lf o^^^^^^^ concave : its internal edge is equal to froL 3 to 3| in its ouTer DorsarZmences' 

 nffl!« Tf^ ^^^ ■^^■^^'^°^t^^P'°*°^^^- second dorsal arises above or slightly posterior to the origin 

 suSriorif bPco^r. v/' ^°-!-^'^*/--lle- Length of caudal 3^ to 3* in that of the total. Golov.s-^j 

 Edffhe nX^^ white on the sides and beneath. Tins dark gray: in the immature (as the example 

 ffdSit-. ? extremity of pectoral, lobe of caudal, and the margins of the fins, dark black: ventral 

 a darker ^ e ^^^ advances, as at two feet, the second dorsal becomes black tipped and the anal has 



l»ac+ .^f\**.*-7Tte example figured (16-8 inches long) was from the Malabar coast of India. It attains at 

 Zl!!?/r A."^ .-^ A ^ ^sjery common along the sea borders of India, and appears to frequent the tropical 

 parts of the Atlantic, the Pacific coast of Central America, and to extend through the Indian Ocean. 



17. Carcharias Temminckii. 



Oareliarias (Prionodon) Temminakii, Miill. and Henle, Plagios. p. 48, t. xviii. 

 BgualMS {Carcharias) Temrmncldi, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. of Bengal, 1860 p 36 

 Lamiopsis Temminckii, Gill, Ann, Lyo. Nat. Hist. New York, vii, p. 410. 

 Carcharias temmincJcii, Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 374, 



i-u ^T?^^ '°^ *^®i preoral portion of the snout equals about 4/5 the width of the mouth. Nostrils nearer to 



tlie mouth than to the end of the snout. TeeiA— ||:fA, upper rather narrow with a broad base, erect and 

 serrated : the lower erect, entire, awl-shaped : the teeth near the outer angle of the jaws very small. Fins— 

 lirst dorsal inserted midway between the roots of the pectoral and ventral fins : pectoral with its upper edge 

 nearly three tunes that of the lower. Second dorsal opposite anal, and nearly as large as the first. Colours— 

 uniform. jo 



Habitat. — Seas of India. 



Genus, 2— Hbmigaletjs, Sleeker. 



Chcenogaleus, Gill. 



Spiracles mirmte and behind the eye. Membrana nictitans present. A pit before the root of the caudal fin 

 both above and below. Snout longitudinally produced. Mouth crescentic, with labial folds. Teeth in the tipper 

 jaw denticulated, not so in the lower. The first dorsal fin, which is destitute of a spine, is placed opposite the 

 vrderspace between the pectoral and ventral : caudal with a single notch. 



These fishes have been divided from Carcharias on account of the existence of a rudimentary spiracle 

 behind the eye, and likewise by the labial folds being developed in all known species but which is rare in 

 Carcharias (see C. Walbeehmii, p. 712). 



Habitat. — Coromandel coast of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



1. Hemigaleus Balfouri, Plate CLXXXV, fig. 4. 



Length of the preoral portion of the snout slightly exceeding the width of the mouth, and not quite 

 equalling the distance between the eye and the first gill-opening. Spiracle minute, situated about 1/ 2 a diameter 

 of the eye posterior to the orbit. A groove at the angle of the mouth extending some distance along either 

 jaw. Nostrils situated nearer to the mouth than to the end of the snout. The distance between the outer 

 angles of the nostrils equal to the width of the mouth. Gill-openings at least twice the width of the orbit. 

 Teeth — 1-|, those in the upper jaw smooth, notched externally, or with about three denticulations along the 

 outer side of the base : those on the lower jaw of a slightly smaller size, erect and smooth. Fins — 

 pectoral falciform, extending to below the first third of the base of the dorsal fin, its internal nearly 

 equalling 1/3 of its outer margin. First dorsal (with about 24 rays) having its base almost midway between 

 the end of the base of the pectoral and the origin of the ventral fins. Second dorsal (with about fifteen 

 rays) commencing slightly in advance of the anal, the length of its base equal to rather above 1/2 of that of the 

 first dorsal, while it is rather larger than the anal. Caudal fin equal to about 5 in the total length, and with 

 a distinct pit at its root. Colours — dark brown, fins gray, the second dorsal with a dark summit. 



* I have examined one example this size in which none of the teeth were apparantly serrated, but if placed under 2-inch 

 power of the microscope serrations are observed to be commencing, the edges of the cusp being crennlated. The black marks on the 

 dorsals, pectoral and caudal, were well marked, but they were absent from the ventral and anal. 



