FAMILY, V— TRYGONIDiE. 739 



would be intermediate between T. walga and T. jpolylepis. Another example has a row of small spines all 

 along the first third of the back of the tail, and a moderately sized rather compressed median scapular spine 

 with six smaller ones anterior to it : a very wide band of tubercles exists along the back. One example has the 

 smaller caudal spine very well developed, a very narrow row of tubercles along the back, and a central scapular 

 tubercle. Another has only a few small tubercles and one central spine in the scapular region, some between 

 the eyes, and some fine spines between the base of the tail and the two large spines. Young ones are often 

 destitute of tubercles or armature except the caudal spines, and this immature character may be seen in some 

 adults. OoZowrs— duU gray or brown superiorly, white beneath. 



Blyth observes, the males are larger than the females and have proportionately longer tails : very 

 commonly the second caudal spine (more especially of the females) does not extend beyond the first one. Some 

 have a small lanceolated tubercle on the centre of the dorsal surface, others two or more, even to a series of five 

 or six along the median line. This species is so very often brought in pairs to the bazaar, a male and a female, 

 that I cannot help suspecting that it lives in pairs, the two being commonly taken together. 



Habitat. — From the Red Sea, through the seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



B. — Dental laminm transverse; if undulating, usually slightly so: tail with an itpper or lower cutaneous fold 



(Trygon). 



5. Trygon Bennettii. 



Miill. and Henle, Plagios. p. 160, t. Hi; Richards. Ich. China, p. 197; Dameril, Hist. Nat. Poiss. i, 

 p. 595 ; Gunther, Oatal. viii, p. 480. 



Trygon cornea, Richards. Ich. China, p, 197. 



Disk about as broad as long : tail about three times as long as disk, and with a low cutaneous fold along 

 its inferior surface. Snout somewhat pointed. Eyes are nearer together than to the end of the snout. A 

 tubercle in the middle of the back in adults, with some flat ones around it, and which extend backwards to 

 the caudal spine : but the young are quite smooth. Oolov/rs — of a pale fleshy-red which becomes almost white 

 in parts, the tail becoming darker near its extremity. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to China and beyond. 



6. Trygon Kuhlii, Plate CXCIII, fig. 2. 



Miiller and Henle, Plagios. p. 160, pi. 60 ; Temm. and Schleg. Fauna Japon, Poiss. p. 308 ; Bleeker, 

 Plagios. p. 73, and Beng. p. 82 ; Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss. i, p. 603 ; Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 479. 



Disk broader than long : tail about one-half longer than the disk. Snout somewhat obtuse, its length 

 equal to or slightly exceeding the breadth of the interorbital space. Two appendages on the floor of the mouth. 

 Teeth — dental plate more undulated in the upper than in the lower jaw. Fins^ — a cutaneous fold along the 

 tail both above and below, caudal spine well developed. Colours — superiorly of a dull brown, covered with 

 numerous small black spots and larger rounded blue ocelli, each having a rather dark outer edge. 



Habitat. — Bast coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. A very good coloured 

 illustration (a male) exists amongst Sir Walter Elliot's drawings of Madras fish, 5j inches across the disk : it 

 was termed Kunnoo tiriJce and Bhemen tenkee, Tel. The example figured is 5 inches across the disk, and was 

 obtained in Madras. 



7. Trygon imbricata. 



Baja imbricata, Bl. Schn. p. 366. 



Trygon imbricata, Miill. and Henle, Plagios. p. 164 ; Dumeril, Hist. Nat. Poiss. i, p. 606 ; GiJnther, 

 Catal. viii, p. 481. 



Disk as broad as long, snout produced and pointed : tail scarcely as long as the body, with low upper 

 and inferior cutaneous folds. Small tubercles on the nape and back, with a row of conical spines along the 

 shoulder and back : whUe along the tail as far as the spine are large tubercles intermixed with smaller ones. 



This is said to be Bl. Schneider's imbricata, which has been referred by Cantor to T. walga, from which 

 it appears to difier in possessing a low cutaneous fold both along the upper and lower border of the tail. 



Habitat. — Ooromandel coast of India. 



8. Trygon zugei, Plate CXO, fig. 3. 



Miill and Henle, Plagios. p. 165, t. liii ; Temm. and Schleg. Fauna Japon, Poiss. p. 309 ; Richards, Ich. 

 China, p. 197 ; Cantor, Catal. Mai. Fish. p. 426 ; Bleeker, Plagios. p. 68, and Beng. p. 32 ; Dumeril, Hist. 

 Nat. Poiss. i, p. 606 ; Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 481. ^ 



Trygon Grozieri, Blyth, J. A. S. of Beng. 1860, p. 45 ; Dumeril, 1. c. p. 597. 



Chumbara hah, Tam. 



Disk about as broad as long, with the snout very much produced and acutely pointed, its length being 

 about 1/3 of that of the disk : tail equal to li or twice the length of the disk. Eyes small : mterorbital space 

 concave TeerS/i— dental lamina undulated. Fins—& distinct cutaneous fold along the lower surface of the 



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