Tur Farm Garprn 1291 
on a board, sprinkling on enough earth to fill openings, then set- 
ting where they will stay frozen. To draw out the frost, when 
ready to use, break off and put in cold water. They may be left in 
the ground until spring, if desired. 
Carrots too, while they germinate more quickly, are rather 
delicate when first up, yet it is important that all should be 
worked quickly to keep down weed growth and conserve moisture. 
A few radish seeds mixed with all these, and any others that 
may be delicate when first up or that come up slowly, are a help. 
Then mark the row quickly and plainly so that work may be 
started at once, as well as breaking the soil so that the less vigorous 
seeds may more readily push through. 
Beets may be sown as soon as the ground is fit in the spring. 
For winter use, either for canning or storing, sow about July first. 
With all the root crops and onions it seems unnecessary to say 
anything about varieties, there being little differences except size 
and shape. All, however, are considered laborious to grow; 
therefore care is important. Cultivation should be begun as soon 
as possible and the rows kept narrow — the narrower the better. 
When plants are two or three inches high, pass through with a 
hoe, cutting out the row except where the plants are to stand, leav- 
ing in each place a clump about one to two inches long. Then one 
can quickly thin by hand to the desired stand. Generally they 
should be gone over twice, leaving at first about double what is 
eventually needed to insure a full stand. This makes the ground 
clean and easy to work. 
Lettuce is another vegetable one should have, and there are 
many good varieties; generally, however, all are of two rather 
distinct types—the loose open head or the compact cabbage 
head. It is natural for all to head in one of these two ways if 
properly handled. Lettuce should be sown rather thickly in 
rows, keeping them always thinned so that they do not touch each 
other ; or the seed can be sown in the seed bed and transplanted to 
about four inches apart. Lettuce is one of the things that must 
grow quickly to be good. The soil should be enriched with well- 
rotted stable manure or some other form of quickly available 
nitrogen. It is also a plant that, while it naturally roots deeply, 
can not do so in hard soil. Therefore, the ground should be pre- 
pared well and deeply for best results. 
