GLANDERS 197 



in the subcutem. The limb eventually becomes a mass of 

 ulcers and scars, becomes thickened and indurated. The 

 horse succumbs as a result of septicemia, or the case 

 becomes one of generalized glanders, which terminates 

 fatally eventually. 



Diagnosis. The diagnosis of glanders can be made 

 positive with the use of mallein, and while a clinical diag- 

 nosis is frequently possible, mallein should always be 

 used to verify the clinical diagnosis. The modus oper- 

 andi of malleinization is practically identical with the 

 application of tuberculin in tuberculin testing. Within 

 the past few years the ophthalmic mallein test has become 

 official, being used by the Bureau of Animal Industry in 

 official tests of horses for glanders. 



The ophthalmic method is a great improvement on the 

 subcutaneous method, being more simple and more rapid. 

 It consists of depositing a quantity of mallein in the con- 

 junctival sac by means of a camel-hair brush, or dropper. 

 The presence of glanders in the horse gives a reaction in 

 the form of varying degrees of conjunctivitis with puru- 

 lent exudate or lachrymation. The eyes of horses that are 

 free from glanders remain normal, or, at most, lachry- 

 mate only slightly. 



Treatment. Glanders is never treated in the United 

 States. The infected animal is to be destroyed in con- 

 formity to the mandates of the legislative body in the 

 state in which the case occurs. Most states indemnify 

 the owner of the horse to a certain extent. 



Without a doubt the most important factor in the con- 

 trol of glanders has been the compulsory malleia testing 

 that has been imposed by most of the states on horses 

 coming into their boundaries from other states. This, in 

 effect, virtually gives one state a sort of check upon 

 another. Another feature that has had great bearing on 

 the control of the spread of glanders among horses is the 



