A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 



rendered in its compilation by the following gentlemen : The Rev. 

 A. M. Miles Moss of Norwich (formerly of Windermere) ; the Rev. R. 

 Freeman of Repham, Norfolk (formerly of St. Helens) ; Mr. J. R. 

 Charnley of Preston ; Mr. C. E. Stott of Manchester (formerly of 

 Bolton). 



The arrangement and nomenclature of South' s List of 1884 has with 

 some hesitation been adopted in the notes which follow, as probably more 

 familiar to the majority of readers than the possibly more severely 

 scientific systems which have been published since that date. 



RHOPALOCERA 



Of the 63 or 64 species of butterflies which are recognized as 

 British about 45 have been recorded from Lancashire. In the case 

 however of three of these, Colias edusa. P., C. hyale, D., and Vanessa 

 cardui, L., the county has only shared with the rest of England in special 

 visitations caused by the quasi-migratory movements of these insects 

 which occur during certain years, and the two first of these cannot be 

 considered as in any sense indigenous. 



PlERID^ 



The three common species of 

 Pieris are abundant 



Euchoe cardamines, L. Generally dis- 

 tributed, but hardly common 



Leucophasia sinapis, L. Occurs at Grange 

 and Whhenlack in North Lancashire, 

 but apparently not so abundantly as 

 formerly. The two species of Colias 

 have occurred sporadically during 

 their years of migratory abundance, 

 but neither species seems to succeed in 

 perpetuating itself beyond the second 

 generation 



Gonopteryx rhamni, L. Generally rare, 

 but not uncommon at Grange and 

 some of the northern mosses 

 Nymphalid.5: 



Argynnis selene, Schiff. Grange, Siherdale 



— euphrosyne, L. „ „ 



— adippe, L. „ „ 



— aglaia, L. On the coast sandhills and 



near Windermere 

 Melitasa aurinia, Rott. Very local and 



scarce, and apparently much less 



common than formerly 

 Vanessa. The records of V. polychloros, 



L., are somewhat doubtful, and V. 



antiopa, L., has only been taken in 



its ' years.' All our other species 



occur, V. c-album, L., however very 



rarely 

 SatyriDj^ 



Erebia. Both E. epiphron, Knoch., and E. 



asthiops, Esp., occur in the extreme 



Satyrid^ {continued) 



north of the county on mountains 

 and moorlands 

 Pararge oegeria, L. Occasional and much 

 less common than formerly 



— megaera, L. Generally distributed 

 Satyrus semele, L. Abundant on all the 



coast sandhills and on many of the 

 moors and mosses 



All our species of Epinephile and 

 Caenonympha occur ; E. hyperan- 

 thus, L., however is distinctly local, 

 and of C. typhon, Rott. = davus, F., 

 only the var. Rothliebi, Stgr. = 

 philoxenus, Esp., seems to occur, 

 but rather frequently on the mosses 



LyC^NIDjE 



Thecla betulas, L., and T. quercus, L., are 

 recorded from Grange, the latter 

 more commonly 



— rubi, L. Local, but not uncommon 

 Polyommatus phloeas, L. Abundant 

 Lycaena. The quite southern forms usually 



associated with the chalk 



— minima, Fues., and L. corydon, F., 



have both been taken on the lime- 

 stone district around Grange, and 

 there is a record of the former from 

 Birkdale 



— argiolus, L. Locally not uncommon 



— segon, Schiff. „ „ 



— astrarche, Bgstr. „ „ 



— icarus, Rott. Generally abundant 



ERYCINIDii: 



Nemeobius lucina, L. Grange, Silverdak 



128 



