SPIDERS 



32. Chiracanthtum lap'tdicolens, Simon. 

 Southport (A. R. J.). 



THOMISID^ 



Spiders with eight eyes, situated in two transverse 

 rows, two tarsal daws, and anterior spinners situated 

 close together at their base. Maxillae not impressed. 

 The crab-like shape and sidelong movements of these 

 spiders are their chief characteristics, enabling them to 

 be easily distinguished, as a rule, from the more 

 elongate Drassida and Ckbionida. 



3 3 . Philodromus aureolus, Clerck. 



Grange, Southport (O. P.-C.) ; Warrington 

 (L. G.). 

 A very abundant species, with usually a dull red- 

 brown abdomen, with yellowish central pattern. It 

 firequents the foliage of trees of all kinds, and espe- 

 cially in the immature condition will often outnumber 

 all other species which fall into the umbrella beneath 

 the beating-stick. 



34. Phihdromus cespittcoRs, Walckenaer. 



Grange. 

 This species is possibly only a variety of the last- 

 named, and frequents similar situations. Known also 

 as P. cespiticolens, Blackwall. 



35. Phihdromus faUax, Sundevall 



Southport. 

 A very pale species frequenting the sand-dunes 

 along the coast, squatting quite flat on the sand, where, 

 being precisely the same colour as its surroundings, it 

 is scarcely visible until it moves. Known also as 

 Phihdromus dektus, O. P.-Cambrldge. 



36. Tibellus obhngus, Walckenaer. 



Southport (O. P.-C). Sub. Phihdromus obhngus. 

 A long, very narrow, dull white or straw-coloured 

 spider, often common amongst dry grass in many 

 different localities. They attain, however, their 

 largest size amongst the sedge grass and rushes in 

 swamps and bogs. The elongate form assists in their 

 concealment from foes as they lie close to the pale dry 

 rush stems and slender blades. 



37. Thanatus striatus, C. L. Koch. 

 Kirkby, Rev. J. H. Bloom (O. P.-C). 



38. Xysticus cristatus, Clerck. 



Southport (O. P.-C, A. R. J.) ; Warrington 



(L. G.). 



It is by far the commonest of the ' Crab-spiders,' 



and is found abundantly on foliage or crouching on 



bare places in fields and commons. Known also as 



Thomisus cristatus. 



39. Xysticus Kochii, Thorell. 



Southport, Dr. A. R. Jackson (O. P.-C). 



40. Xysticus pini, Hahn. 



Southport (O. P.-C). 

 A rare species, found usually on the foliage of trees 

 and shrubs. Known also as Thomisus audax, Blackwall. 



41. Xysticus erraticus, Blackwall. 



Southport (A. R. J.). 



42. OxypAla otomaria, Panzer. 



Grange. Lake District, Dr. A. R. Jackson 

 (O. P.-C). 

 Not uncommon in marshes among long grass. 

 Known also as Thomisus versutus, Blackwall. 



43. Oxyptila praticola, C L. Koch. 



Southport (A. R. J.). 



44. Oxyptila trux, Blackwall. 



Southport, Dr. A. R. Jackson (O. P.-C), and 

 W. Falconer. 



SALTICID^ 



The spiders of this family may be recognized in a 

 general way by their mode of progression, consisting 

 of a succession of leaps, often many times their own 

 length. More particularly they may be known by 

 the square shape of the cephalic region and the fact 

 that the eyes are arranged in three rows of 4, 2, 2, the 

 centrals of the anterior row being much the largest 

 and usually iridescent. Those of the second row are 

 the smallest, while the posterior pair is placed well 

 back and helps to give the quadrate character to the 

 cephalothorax. Otherwise these spiders are simply 

 specialized Clubionids, with two tarsal claws and other 

 minor characters possessed in common with members 

 of this latter family. 



They can be beaten from foliage or found amongst 

 herbage and under stones. The commonest, Salticus 

 scenicus, wUl be well known to all observers, running 

 and leaping on the walls of houses in the bright sun- 

 shine. 



45. Salticus scenicus, Clerck. 



Southport (O. P.-C, A. R. J.) ; Warrington 

 (L.G.). 

 A black or grey species with white oblique lateral 

 stripes. Known also as Epiblemum scenicum and Calli- 

 ethera scenica. 



46. Salticus cingulatus, Panz. 

 Warrington (L. G.). 



Known also as Epiblemum cingulatum and CalRethera 



cingulata. 



47. Heliophanus cupreus, Walckenaer. 



Southport (O. P.-C). 

 A shining black and coppery spider, found in some 

 abundance on the coast. Known also as Salticus 

 cupreus. 



48. HeRophanus Jlavipes, Hahn. 



Blackpool ; Southport (A. R. J.). 



A shiny black spider with yellow legs, not un- 

 common amongst the marram grass on the sand- 

 dunes along the coast. 



49. Euophrys erratica, Walckenaer. 



Grange ; Coniston ; Duddon Vale. Lancaster. 

 Common under the coping stones of stone walls. 

 Known also as Salticus distinctus, Blackwall. 



50. Euophrys frontalis, Walckenaer. 



Southport (O. P.-C, A. R. J.) ; Kirkby, Rev. J. 

 H. Bloom (O. P.-C). 

 Not uncommon amongst grass. Known also as 

 Salticus frontalis. 



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