SPIDERS 



rivers and streams, or the sandy margins of the lakes 

 in those regions. Known also as Lycosa ^uviati/is, 

 Blackwall. 



72. Pardosa nlff-'tcefs, Thorell. 

 Coniston ; Southport (A. R. J.). 



Occurs commonly throughout the heather districts 

 on the fells. Known also as Lycosa nigriceps and Ly- 

 cosa congener, O. P.-Cambridge. 



73. Pardosa traillii, O. P.-Cambridge. 



Coniston. 

 Not uncommon among the ' screes ' or loose stones 

 lying beneath the hills at a natural angle. They dash 

 away amongst the stones, and are exceedingly difficult 

 to capture. Known' also as Lycosa traillii. 



74. Pardosa pullata, Clerck. 



Duddon Vale (E. T. C.) ; Southport (O. P.-C, 

 A.R.J.). 

 The commonest of all the species of this genus, 

 with the exception, perhaps, of P. amentata. Known 

 also as Lycosa pullata and Lycosa obscura, Blackwall. 



75. Pardosa hgubris, Walckenaer. 



Grange. 

 A very abundant spider in the spring, running 

 rapidly over the dead leaves in the woods. Known 

 also as Lycosa lugubris. 



76. Pardosa palustris, Linnaeus. 



Southport (O. P.-C, A. R. J.) ; Duddon Vale. 

 A small species with a narrow yellow line down the 

 carapace. Known also as Lycosa palustris and Lycosa 

 exigua, Blackwall (ad partem). 



77. Pardosa monticola, C. L. Koch. 



Southport (O. P.-C, A. R. J.) ; Coniston ; War- 

 rington (L. G.). 

 Very similar to the last, rather larger, found on 

 higher ground, with a dilatation of the central yellow 

 stripe on the carapace, behind the eyes. Known also 

 as Lycosa monticola and Lycosa exigua, Blackwall (ad 

 partem). 



78. Pardosa Purbeckensis, F. O. P.-Cambridge. 



Birkdale ; Southport, W. Falconer (O. P.-C, 

 A.R.J.). 



AGELENID^ 



Spiders with eight eyes, situated in two transverse 

 rows. Legs with three tarsal claws. The species of 

 this family spin a large sheet-like web, and construct 

 a tubular retreat at the back of it, which leads to some 

 crevice amongst the rocks, or the herbage, or the 

 chinks in the walls of outhouses, wherever the various 

 species may happen to be found. The posterior pair 

 of spinners is usually much longer than the other two 

 pairs. 



79. Cryphaeca sihicola, C L. Koch. 

 Duddon Vale ; Coniston. 



Not uncommon beneath stones on the fells. Known 

 also as Tegenaria sihicola and Hahnia sihicola and 

 Agekna hyndmonii, Templeton. 



80. Amaurobius atropos, Walckenaer. 



Duddon Vale ; Coniston Fells ; Southport 

 (A.R.J.). 

 Abundant throughout the fell districts up to the 

 altitude of 3,000 feet. It is found under logs of wood, 



149 



in stone walls, or beneath isolated stones, where a 

 sheet of white webbing often betrays the presence of 

 the spider. A long tube runs beneath the log or 

 stone, and both male and female can be found living 

 together at the end ; while later the young spiders 

 will be found spending the early days of their childhood 

 with their mother. Known also as Ccelotes saxatilis, 

 Blackwall, and Coelotes atropos. 



8 1 . Argyroneta aquatica, Linnaeus. 

 Warrington (L. G.) ; Southport (O. P.-C). 



This is the well-known water-spider, which makes a 

 silken nest beneath the surface, and swims and dives 

 freely, hatching out its young within the nest. 



82. Textrix denticulata, Olivier. 

 Duddon Vale ; Coniston Fells. 



A very abundant swiftly-moving spider found under 

 the loose coping-stones of walls throughout the fell 

 districts. It may be recognized by the red dentate 

 band on the abdomen, which is sometimes almost 

 white. Known also as Textrix lycosina, Sundevall. 



83. Tegenaria atrica, C. L. Koch. 

 Garstang (L. G.) ; Southport (A. R. J.). 



A very large species, the male having much longer 

 legs than the female ; not uncommon in cellars and 

 outhouses, and also in holes in banks and in rabbit- 

 burrows on the sandhills. 



84. Tegenaria derhamii, Scopoli. 

 Southport (O. P.-C, A. R. J.) ; Warrington 



(L.G.). 

 A smaller, paler spider, and more common than the 

 last named ; almost entirely confined to houses and 

 outbuildings. Known also as Tegenaria civilis, Walck- 

 enaer. 



85. Tegenaria sihestris, L. Koch. 

 Duddon Vale. 



A still smaller species, sometimes not uncommon 

 amongst rockeries in greenhouses and gardens. Known 

 also to English arachnologists as Tegenaria campestris, 

 C L. Koch. 



86. Agekna labyrinthica, Clerck. 

 Warrington (L. G.) ; Southport (O. P.-C, A.R.J ). 



A common spider, large, when full grown, and 

 spinning a huge, sheet-like, white web over the 

 herbage, with a ftmnel-shaped tubular retreat. Like 

 others of the family, the posterior pair of spinners is 

 formed of two distinct segments, the end one being 

 very long and slender. 



87. Agekna Imgpes, Carpenter. 

 Southport (A. R. J. and O. P.-C). 



The example recorded is as yet unique. 



88. Hahnia montana, Blackwall. 

 Coniston Fells ; Southport (A. R. J.). 



Common in the heath districts. 



89. Hahnia nava, Blackwall. 

 Southport (A. R. J.). 



90. Antistea ekgans, Blackwall. 

 Duddon Vale ; Southport (A. R. J.). 



Not uncommon amongst the roots of aquatic plants 

 close to the surface of the water, especially in the 

 ' Mosses.' Known also as Hahnia and Agekna ekgans, 

 Blackwall. 



