BIRDS 



out the year, nesting only in a very few localities, 

 Carnforth and Martin Marshes, Winster Valley 

 and Walney Island among them. 



221. Spotted Redshank. Totanus fuscus {Linn.). 

 Locally, Dusky Redshank. 



A spring and autumn migrant of rare occur- 

 rence. 



222. Greenshank. Totanus canescens (J. F. 



Gmelin). 

 An annual visitant in autumn, sparsely distri- 

 buted on the coast, usually in small flocks. 



223. Red-breasted Snipe. Macrorhamphus gri- 



seus (J. F. Gmelin). 

 "Two occurrences of this N. American species 

 are on record (Zoologist, 1875) in the years 1873 

 and 1891 respectively, both by Mr. J. B. Hodg- 

 kinson (Harting, Handbook of British Birds, 

 p. 436 ; Mitchell, Birds of Lancashire, ed. 2, 

 P- 235). 



224. Bar-tailed Godwit. Limosa lapponica, 



(Linn.). 

 Locally, Curlew Knave. 

 A short sojourner in spring and autumn on 

 passage. 



225. Black-tailed Godwit. Limosa belgica (J. F. 



Gmelin). 

 A rarer visitant than the last, but a few are 

 seen every year, as a rule in the autumn. 



226. Curlew. Numenius arquatus (Linn.). 



A resident and abundant species, visiting 

 Walney Island in large flocks, nesting on the 

 Fells, the upland moors, and on the mosses of the 

 lowlands. In autumn and winter frequenting in 

 great numbers the off-shore sandbanks. 



227. Whimbrel. Numenius ph^eopus (Linn.). 

 Locally, Curlew Hilp (Leigh), Curlew Knave. 



Rarer than the curlew, the whimbrel visits 

 our shores, especially off Morecambe Bay, only in 

 autumn and spring on migration to and from its 

 nesting grounds. 



228. Black Tern. Hydrochelidon nigra (Linn.). 

 A fairly frequent sojourner on its passage in 



spring and autumn to and from its nesting 

 haunts. A specimen is recorded from Ashton- 

 on-Mersey on 3 November, 1893. 



229. Gull-billed Tern. Sterna anglica, Mon- 



tagu. 

 One occurrence of this species is recorded from 

 Lancashire, but it lacks sufficient authenticity. 



230. Sandwich Tern. Sterna cantiaca, J. F. 



Gmelin. 

 Locally, Cat Swallow. 

 A summer immigrant nesting on Walney 

 Island among the black-headed gulls. Rare 

 elsewhere and taking its departure at the end of 

 summer. 



231. Roseate Tern. Sterna dougalli, Montagu. 

 A rare summer visitor, breeding on Walney 



Island from time to time. It nested at one 

 period on the isolated islet of Foulney, but does 

 so no longer. 



232. Common Tern. Sterna fluviatilis, Nau- 



mann. 

 Locally, Sea Swallow, Sparling. 

 A summer visitor breeding in many places 

 along the coast in suitable and undisturbed locali- 

 ties, especially on Walney Island in association 

 with black-headed gulls, and often among the 

 Formby sandhills. 



233. Arctic Tern. Sterna macrura, Naumann. 

 Locally, Sea Swallow, Sparling. 



A summer visitor, but few in numbers. 

 Walney Island is one of its chief haunts in Lan- 

 cashire, where it nests in association with gulls 

 and other terns. 



234. Little Tern. Sterna minuta, Linn. 

 Locally, Sea Swallow, Sparling. 



A summer visitor nesting on Walney Island. 



235. Sooty Tern. Sterna fiiliginosa, J. F. 



Gmelin. 

 This West Indian species was caught alive 

 9 October, 190 1, in a street in Hulme, near 

 Manchester (Bull, B.O.C. xii. 26). 



236. Sabine's Gull. Xema sabinii (Sabine). 

 Two specimens from Morecambe Bay are on 



record, obtained in October, 1893, and at the 

 same place Mr. Moor of Morecambe has shot 

 three specimens within the last few years. 



237. Little Gull. Larus minutus, Pallas. 



An irregular autumn and winter straggler, of 

 which four or five occurrences are recorded 

 (Mitchell, Birds of Lancashire, ed. 2. p. 254 ; 

 Jourdain, Zoologist, 1 904, p. 193). A specimen 

 was shot by Mr. Murray's son on Carnforth 

 Marshes in 1902. 



238. Black-headed Gull. Larus ridibundus, 



Linn. 

 Locally, Chir-Maws, Cockle Maw. 

 A resident, and abundant on our inland 

 waters in great and increasing numbers. Many 

 colonies breed in the sandhills and marshy parts 

 of Walney Island. It is often seen far inland. 



239. Common Gull. Larus canus, Linn. 



An annual visitant throughout the winter, 

 but the species breeds nowhere in England. 



240. Herring-Gull. Larus argentatus, J. F. 



Gmelin. 

 Locally, Silver Gull. 

 A resident, abundant on the coast at all 

 seasons, but nesting only in a few places now, 

 mainly at Foulshaw Moss, near Morecambe Bay, 



203 



