EARLY MAN 



Over Sands. — Cartmel, Conishead, Dalton-in-Furness, Furness Abbey, 

 Pennington, Roosebeck, Stainton, Ulverston, Wray Hill. 

 Perforated stone implements : 



Adzes : Manchester (three, Cheetwood, Corporation Street, and 

 Greenheys), Preston (R. Ribble). 



Axes : Mode Wheel, Oakenrod. 



Axe-hammers : Barnacre, Blackpool (near), Blackrod, Bolton Park, 

 Bowland, Chipping, Claughton (two), Clitheroe, Dean, Heaton, 

 Hopwood, Lancaster (Quernmore), Lune R., Longridge, Manchester 

 (two, Throstles Nest, Withington), Martin Mere, Marton, Mellor, 

 Milnrow, Preston (Saddleworth), Silverdale, St. Helens, Tatham, Turton 

 (Charters Moss), Walton-le-Dale, Wilpsliire, Winwick. 



Round-hammers : Ashton-under-Lyne, Bowland, Haydock, Irlam, 

 Silverdale (Stalybridge), Torver. 



Over Sands. — Ayeside, Barrow-in-Furness, Cark-in-Cartmel, Conis- 

 ton Lake, Dendron, Flookburgh, Harbarrow, Lindale, Rampside, 

 Rusland, Torver, Walney Island, Wray Hill. 



IL BRONZE IMPLEMENTS AND REMAINS OF THE EARLY 



CELTIC PERIOD 



The title of this section, as was previously explained, does not exclude 

 from classification as objects of the Bronze Age implements other than those 

 of bronze, as for example many of the perforated stone hammers already 

 described ; nor is it intended to imply on the other hand that all the imple- 

 ments described hereafter were made before the introduction of iron. 



The implements of bronze from Lancashire are not so numerous as those 

 of stone, but they form an interesting series, which to some extent illustrates 

 in itself the sequence and development of the various types. The difficulty 

 experienced in the earlier chapter in separating the different classes of objects 

 is not met with in this section, for though some types of implements are 

 seen to be transitional, as for instance those which mark the evolution of 

 palstave from celt, yet none are so markedly intermediary that they cannot 

 be assigned readily to one or other of the standard classes of bronze imple- 

 ments as defined by Sir John Evans in his Ancient Bronze Implements of 

 Britain. 



I. Flat Celts 



Three flat celts of bronze apparently complete the record for the county. 

 Two of these are in the museum at Warrington, near to where they were 

 found, while the third, from Read, is in the British Museum. 



The first of these, from Risley, is plain and typical of a simple 

 celt. It is 4Jin. in length, and measures 2 in. across the broadest part of 

 the curved edge. It is somewhat corroded, but was probably iin. in 

 thickness. 



The second example is similar in form, but decorated. It is said to 

 have been found with two others at Read in Lancashire. It is about 8 in. 

 in length. The illustration^ (fig. 13) shows its form and decoration. 'The 



1 Taken by kind permission from Sir John Evans, Ancient Bronze Implements, fig. 6, p. 47. 



229 



