A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 



Amounderness in 1066 consisted of 62 vills — 3 of which belonged 

 properly to Lonsdale. All these vills were berewicks of the capital manor 

 of Preston, and owned Tostig as lord. Whilst the value of the land between 

 Ribble and Mersey was depreciated by the events which followed the Norman 

 invasion only to the extent of 25/., or from 145/. 2s. 7.d in 1066, to 120/. 

 when Roger of Poitou received it, Amounderness fared grievously. At the 

 date of the survey only 16 out of 62 vills possessed inhabitants, and these 

 but a few, whilst the remainder were derelict, and devoid of stock, crop, or 

 inhabitants. Probably this deplorable condition was not so much due to the 

 levy of oxen, sheep, swine, corn, and other stores made by the Conqueror's 

 army in passing through these regions, as by the devastations committed by 

 Tostig's enemies in his lands, owing to his unpatriotic attitude, and during his 

 prolonged absence from his earldom previous to the conquest. The survey 

 gives us no hint as to the value or condition of Lonsdale, Kendal, Cartmel, 

 or Furness, either before or after the conquest. The reduction in the 

 assessment to Danegeld made in or before the reign of Henry I. amounting 

 to 143 carucates' in these regions, proves how greatly they had suffered 

 impoverishment since the days before the conquest. 



Little can be added to that which is already known concerning the pre- 

 conquest lords of the regions north of the Ribble. As already shown, Tostig 

 held Amounderness, Halton, Whittington, Beetham, and Furness, with their 

 respective members, embracing a territory rated at 419 carucates, of which 

 386 lay in Amounderness, Lonsdale, Kendal, Cartmel, and Furness, with 

 14 carucates in Ewcross wapentake, co. York, and 19 carucates in Millom 

 (' Hougun '), CO. Cumberland. 



Thorfin, who held the Yorkshire manor of Austwick, with its members 

 — of which those in Kendal and Lonsdale contained 33 carucates — may 

 possibly be identified as the thegn who also held the manor of Winterburn 

 in Craven, with seven berewicks under Roger of Poitou (f. 332). 



Chetel, who held the Yorkshire manor of Bentham (6 carucates) and 

 three other manors in Lonsdale rated at 12 carucates, cannot be certainly 

 identified with any of the thegns of this name who held manors in Craven. 

 Other thegns in Lonsdale were Ulf and Machel, who each had a manor and 

 2 carucates between them in Cockerham ; Cliber, Machern, and Gillemichael, 

 who had manors rated at 10 carucates in Ashton, EUel, and Scotforth, the 

 last named being perhaps the Gillemichael who had a manor in ' Stercaland,' 

 now Strickland Ketel and Strickland Roger, rated at 20 carucates in the 

 whole, with 9 other manors, including Kirkby Kendal, of which Dalton alone 

 was in Lonsdale ; Ulf, who had a manor rated at 9 carucates in Melling, with 

 Hornby and one moiety of Wennington; Orm, who had a berewick of the 

 manor of Melling, supposed to be Wrayton, rated at ij carucate ; the same 

 or another Orm, who had a manor in Thornton in Lonsdale (3 carucates), 

 CO. York, and a moiety of Burrow rated at 3 carucates ; Duuan, who had 

 Kirkby Cartmel (6 carucates), that is the village and church of Cartmel ; 

 Ernulf, who held the manor and vill of Aldingham (6 carucates), and his 

 neighbour Turulf, who had a manor in Ulverston (6 carucates), of which 

 Bolton, with Adgarley and Dendron, were either berewicks, or were then 



I This total is obtained by a comparison of the figures given in Dom. Bk. with those recorded in the Teita 



de Kevin. 



274 



