A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE 



In each hide there are 6 carucates of land. 

 The whole is worth 8 pounds and 12 shillings. 

 And the demesne of this manor which Roger 

 held is worth 8 pounds. There are now in 

 demesne there 3 ploughs and 6 oxherds and 

 I radman and 7 villeins. 



In Neweton Hundred 



In Neweton [Newton in Makerfield] there 

 were 5 hides, T.R.E. Of these i was in 

 demesne. The churchi of that manor had I 

 carucate of land, and St. Oswold of that vill 

 (Winwick) had 2 carucates of land quit in all 

 (things) {j)er omnia). 



The other land of this manor 15 men who 

 were called drengs {drenchsf held as i 5 manors, 

 but they were berewicks of this manor, and 

 between (them) all they rendered 30 shillings. 

 The wood(land) there (is) 10 leagues long and 

 6 leagues and 2 furlongs broad, and there (are) 

 eyries of hawks. 



The freemen of this hundred, except 2, were 

 subject to the same customs [erant in eadem 

 comuetudine) as the men of Derberie [West 

 Derby], and in addition {plu^ to those they 



1 It is uncertain whether the church of Wigan or 

 the church of Walton-on-the-Hill is here referred to. 

 This hundred, as the name suggests, was probably 

 carved out of the hundred of West Derby, in which 

 the parish of Walton-on-the-Hill was the most impor- 

 tant, and contained most of the demesne manors. The 

 great inquest of service made in a.d. 1212 records 

 that ' Robert de Walton holds the third part ' of the 

 church of Winwick, two-thirds being held by Richard, 

 the parson of Winwick. The parson of Walton-on- 

 the-Hill at that date was named Robert de Walton, 

 so that there appears to have been some ancient con- 

 nexion between Winwick (the parish in which New- 

 ton lies) and Walton-on-the-Hill. The fact that 

 Newton is not in the parish of Wigan militates 

 against the identity of that church as ' the church of 

 th.it manor ' (Newton). On the other hand, the 

 ecclesiastical manor of Wigan has always been taken 

 as rated at one carucate of land. 



- In the hundreds of West Derby and Salford the 

 tenants of manors are described as thegns, in the 

 hundreds of Newton and Warrington as drengs, and 

 in the hundreds of Blackburn and Leyland as freemen. 

 This apparently puzzling classification was merely due 

 to the variable names by which the tenants of manors 

 were locally knovra, or to the variable terms employed 

 by the clerks who made the returns from the different 

 manors. That there was no real difference between 

 those described by these three names is well illustrated 

 by the return for Newton hundred. ' Fifteen men 

 whom they call drenchs hold the other land of this 

 manor as 1 5 manors, but they were berewicks of this 

 manor ' (of Newton). 'The freemen of the hundred 

 of Newton, except two, were in the same custom as 

 the men of [West] Derby.' The matter illustrates 

 the Mercian conquest of this ancient portion of 

 Northumbria in the year 923. Little wonder that a 

 century and a half later official terms belonging to 

 both these kingdoms should be found in ordinary use 

 within this hybrid region. 



reaped on two days in August in the king s 

 cornfields [culturis). Those two (men) had 5 

 carucates of land and the forfeiture of bloodshed, 

 and of an outraged woman {fernine vioUntiam 

 passe), and the pannage {pasnagium) of their own 

 men. The king had the other (forfeitures). 



This whole manor used to pay in rent {de 

 firma) to the king 10 pounds and 10 shillings. 



Now there are there 6 drengs [drenghs) and 1 2 

 villeins and 4 bordars. Between (them) all they 

 have 9 ploughs. This demesne is worth 4 

 pounds. 



In Walintunk Hundred 



King Edward held Walintune [Warrington] 

 with 3 berewicks. There (is) i hide. To that 

 manor used to belong 34 drengs, and they had 

 as many manors, in which there were 42 caru- 

 cates of land and i\ hide. Saint Elfin held 

 I carucate of land quit from every due except 

 geld. The whole manor with the hundred 

 used to pay in farm {de firma) to the king 1 5 

 pounds, less 2 shillings. 



Now there are in demesne 2 ploughs and 

 8 men with i plough. These men hold land 

 there. Roger i carucate of land, Tetbald i^ 

 carucate, Warin i carucate, Ralph (Radulfus) 

 5 carucates, William' 2 hides and 4 carucates 

 of land, Adelard i hide and half a carucate,* 

 Osmund I carucate of land. This whole 

 (demesne) is worth 4 pounds and 10 shillings. 

 The demesne (of the chief manor) is worth 

 3 pounds and 10 shillings. 



f. 270. 



In Blacheburn Hundred 



King Edward held Blacheburne [Blackburn]. 

 There (are) 2 hides and 2 carucates of land. The 

 church had 2 bovates of this land, and the church 

 of St. Mary had 2 carucates of land in Wallei 

 [Whalley] quit from every due. In the same 

 manor (there is) wood(land) i league long, and 

 as much broad, and there was a hawk's eyry 

 there. 



To this manor or hundred belonged 28 free- 

 men holding 5 J hides and 40 carucates of land 

 as 28 manors. The wood there (is) 6 leagues 

 long and 4 leagues broad, and they were subject 

 to {erant in) the aforesaid customs. 



In the same hundred King Edward had 

 Hunnicot [Huncoat] of 2 carucates of land, 

 and Waletune [Walton-le-Dale] of 2 caru- 

 cates of land, and Peniltune [Great Pendleton] 

 of half a hide. 



The whole manor with the hundred used to 

 pay in farm {de firma) to the king 32 pounds 



* William Fitz Nigel, baron of Halton, co. 

 Chester. See above, note 4, p. 285. 



* This appears to be Whiston 2 car. with \ car. 

 belonging to the church of Prescot, and 4 car. in Parr 

 and elsewhere, perhaps in Windle. 



286 



