42 VINES 
San José scale. This must be taken in hand as 
soon as it appears, or it will, in a very short 
time, kill the entire plant. When the scale 
settles on young wood, it causes the development 
of reddish blotches, in the centre of which the 
minute insects will be found. The general 
appearance of the scale on the bark resembles 
a sprinkling of pepper and salt. If you rub the 
blade of a knife over the affected surface, the 
individual scales will come off in enormous 
numbers. On orchard trees the almost universal 
spray mixture for destroying San José scale is 
the lime, sulphur, and salt mixture. But because 
vines are used to so great an extent for covering 
buildings, it is often impossible to use the lime 
-and sulphur mixture in this connection without 
spoiling the looks of the house, unless we take 
the vine down. This is a considerable task, 
and can be avoided if some of the more recently 
discovered scalicides are used. These are mostly 
crude oil compounds and cause no discolouration 
wherever they may happen to land. 
In spraying for scale, it is important that all 
parts: of the plant be thoroughly covered. To 
make this result certain there should be a second 
spraying about one week after the first applica- 
tion. Both may be made at any time when the 
