CLIMBING ROSES AS VINES 259 
best to take them right down, tie all the branches 
together, bend them down to the ground, and 
cover them with five or six inches of earth; this, in 
turn, when slightly frozen, is covered with some 
loose stable litter or leaves. Treated thus, it 
is surprising what very tender varieties may be 
grown in very exposed situations. For instance, 
I have had Maréchal Niel and Reine Marie 
Henriette growing on a veranda on Long Island. 
Injury from drip may also be prevented by 
wrapping the more hardy varieties in burlap 
or very heavy paper. Never prune in the fall, 
if the plants are to be covered, as sometimes 
the topmost eyes will push out into life and be 
injured by late frosts. 
Feeding old, established plants, that have 
exhausted the soil, can be accomplished by spading 
under some manure, but better by retrenching 
the ground just outside the old trench lines; 
applications of liquid manure may also be made. 
In early spring, spade under a dressing of four 
or five inches of manure, and after the buds 
burst and just before a rain, give a dressing of 
fertilizer in which ground bone is the principal 
ingredient. About the middle of May, begin 
to give the plants regular weekly applica- 
tions of liquid manure. Unfortunately, this 
