384 APPENDIX 



120. Sora. — Porzana Carolina, 

 Carolina Rail. 



Upper plumage olive brown ; base of bill and crown black ; breast, 

 throat, sides of head slate color ; flanks barred with black and white. 

 Length, Zyi in. ; wing, 4^ in. 



Hab. — North America, breeding from Illinois and New York north 

 to Hudson Bay. Wintering in the Gulf States and Northern South 

 America. 



121. Virginia Rail. — Rallus virginianus. 



Very similar in color and pattern to King Rail, No. 123. Upper 

 parts reddish brown marked with black ; belly and sides barred with 

 white ; much smaller than king rail. Length, 9 >^ in. ; wing, 4>^ in. 



Hab. — North America, breeding from Illinois and Pennsylvania 

 to Manitoba and Labrador, and wintering from same States to Cen- 

 tral America. 



122. Clapper Rail. — Rallus longirostris crepitans. 

 Salt-water Marsh Hen. 



Upper parts olive gray ; wings and tail brown ; wing coverts pale 

 cinnamon; throat white; sides and belly barred with white. Length, 

 1/^% in. ; wing, 5 in. 



Easily distinguished from king rail, since latter is much browner in 

 color. 



Hab. — Eastern and Southern States, in salt-water marshes ; breed- 

 ing from Connecticut southward. 



(a) Florida clapper rail. } Same as 122, from sportsman's point 



(b) Louisiana clapper rail. > of view. 



123. King Rail. — Rallus elegans. 

 Fresh-water Marsh Hen. 



Upper parts brown marked with black ; wings and tail olive brown ; 

 throat white ; belly and sides barred with white ; neck and breast cin- 

 namon. Length, 15 in. ; wing, 6^ in. 



Hab. — Eastern United States in fresh-water marshes, breeding to 

 Missouri and Connecticut. Wintering from Virginia southward. 

 Strays north to Wisconsin and Maine. 



(a) The Corn-crake. — (Crex crex). 



About the size of the king rail. No. 123. General color brownish 

 buff, marked with dark brown or black on back ; sides barred with 



