TEXT-BOOK OF 

 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



PART I 



TERMINOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY 



DIVISIONS OF BOTANY 



1. Structural Botany or Plant Morphology treats of the various 

 organs or parts of a plant, as root, stem, flower, fruit, etc., with their 

 special forms and modifications. It also includes Vegetable Histology, 

 that part of structural botany which considers the minute or micro- 

 scopical structure of plant tissues and Vegetable Cytology, which treats 

 of plant cells and their contents. 



2. Physiological Botany explains how the various parts of the plant 

 perform their work of growth, reproduction and the preparation of food 

 for the support of animal life from substances not adapted to that use. 



3. Geographical Botany treats of the distribution of plant life on 

 the globe. The centre of distribution for each plant is the habitat or 

 original source from which it spreads, often over widely distant regions. 



4. Economic or Applied Botany deals with the science from a prac- 

 tical standpoint, showing the special adaptation of the vegetable king- 

 dom to the needs of everyday life. 



5. Geological Botany treats of the plants of former ages, traceable 

 in their fossil remains. 



6. Systematic Botany or Vegetable Taxonomy considers the classi- 

 fication or arrangement of plants in groups or ranks according to their 

 resemblances or differences. 



7. Vegetable Ecology treats of plants in relation to their 

 environment. 



CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS 



By grouping together those plants which are in some respects simi- 

 lar and combining these groups with others, it is possible to form some- 



