THE SEED 53 



The Berry is fleshy fruit with a thin membranous epicarp and a 

 succulent interior in which the seeds are imbedded. Ex.: Capsicum, 

 Tomato, Belladonna, Grape, Currant, etc. 



The Hesperidium is a variety of the berry, and the name is applied 

 only to members of the Orange family. It is a fleshy fruit with leathery 

 rind which contains numerous oil glands. 



The Pepo or Gourd-fruit, of which the Squash and Gourd are 

 types, is the characteristic fruit of the order Cucurbitaceae, fleshy 

 internally, and having a tough or very hard rind. Fruits of this 

 family are true berries. 



The Pome is a fleshy fruit the chief bulk of which consists of the 

 adherent torus. Quince, Apple and Pear are examples. The carpels 

 constitute the core, and the fleshy part is developed from the torus. 



Multiple Fruits. — The Syconium is a multiple fruit consisting of a 

 succulent hollow torus enclosed within which are akene-like bodies, 

 products of many flowers. Ex. : Fig. 



The SoROSis is represented by the Mulberry, the grains of which 

 are not the ovaries of a single flower, as in the Blackberry, but belong 

 to as many separate flowers. In the Pine-apple all the parts are blended 

 into a fleshy, juicy, seedless mass, and the plant is propagated by 

 cuttings. 



The Strobile or Cone is a scaly, multiple fruit consisting of a 

 scale-bearing axis, each scale enclosing one or more seeds. The name 

 is applied to the fruit of the Hop, and also to the fruit of the Coniferae 

 in which the naked seeds are borne on the upper surface of the woody 

 scales. 



The Seed 



The seed is the fertilized and matured ovule, having the embryo 

 formed within it. Like the ovule, it consists of a nucellus or kernel en- 

 closed by integuments, and the descriptive terms used are the same. 

 The seed coats, corresponding to those of the ovule, are two in number, 

 the Testa and Tegmen. The testa, or outer seed shell, differs greatly 

 in form and texture. If thick and hard, it is crustaceous; if smooth 

 and glossy, it is polished; if roughened, it may be pitted, furrowed, 

 hairy, reticulate, etc. 



The testa may often present outgrowths or seed appendages whose 

 functions are to make the seeds buoyant, whereby they may be dis- 

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