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PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



Family i. Arace^ or Arum Family. — Perennial herbs with 

 fleshy rhizomes or corms, and long petioled leaves, containing an acrid 

 or pungent juice. Flowers crowded on a spadix, which is usually 

 surrounded by a spathe. Fruit a berry. Seeds with large fleshy 

 embryo. 



Part used 



Unpeeled rhizome 



Botanical name 



Acorus calamus 



Symplocarpus fcetidus 

 Arisaema triphyllum 



O facial drug 



Calamus 



UnofiBcial drug 



Skunk cabbage Rhizome 



Indian turnip Corm 



Family 2. GraminacejE or Grass Family. — Mostly herbs with 

 cylindric, hollow jointed stems whose nodes are swollen. The leaves 

 are alternate, with long split sheaths and a ligule. Flowers generally 

 hermaphroditic and borne in spikelets making up a spicate inflorescence. 

 Lowest floral leaves of each spikelet are called glumes, which are empty 

 and paired. Fruit, a caryopsis or grain. Embryo with scutellum. 



Official drug Part used Botanical name 



Triticum Rhizome Agropyron repens 



Saccharum Refined sugar Saccharum officinarum 



and Sorghum sp.? 

 Maltum Seed, partially germinated Hordeum distichum 



and dried 

 Zea Styles and stigmas Zea mays 



Family 3. Palmes or Palm Family. — Tropical or sub-tropical 

 arborescent plants, having unbranched trunks which are terminated by a 

 crown of leaves, in the axils of which the flowers are produced. The 

 leaves are well developed with pinnate or palmate blades and a fibrous 

 sheathed clasping petiole. Inflorescence lateral with small flowers. 

 Fruit a berry or drupe. 



Family 4. Liliace^ or Lily Family. — Herbs with regular and 

 symmetrical almost always six-androus flowers. The perianth is parted 

 into six segments, the calyx and corolla being alike in color. Anthers 

 introrse. Ovary three-locular with a single style. Fruit a capsule or 

 berry. 



