•J 2 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



Family 7. Zingiberace^ or Ginger Family. — Tropical plants, 

 perennial herbs with fleshy rhizomes and large elliptical pinnately 

 veined leaves. The leaf sheaths are folded tightly around each other 

 so as to give the appearance of a stem. Flowers, zygomorphic. 



Class B. — Dicotyledons 



Plants having the following characteristics: 

 Two-seed leaves (cotyledons) in embryo. 

 Netted veined leaves. 



Open collateral fibrovascular bundles, radially arranged about pith. 

 Exogenous stems. 

 Medullary rays present. 

 Cambium. 



Roots developing secondary structure. 



Flowers tetra- or pentamerous (parts of each whorl, four or five or 

 multiple thereof. 



Sub-class a. — Aechichlamyde^ 



Those dicotyledonous plants in which the petals are distinct and 

 separate from one another or are entirely wanting. That group of the 

 Archichlamydeee whose flowers show the absence of petals and frequently 

 of sepals is called the Apetalae. The group whose plants have flowers 

 showing the parts of their corolla (petals) separate and distinct is called 

 the Chloripetalse. 



The Apetalae 



Family i. Piperace^ or Pepper Family. — A family of aromatic 

 herbs and shrubs with jointed stems, opposite, verticillate, or some- 

 times alternate leaves without stipules, and spiked or racemose flowers. 



