WILLOW FAMILY 73 



Family 2. Fagace^ or Beech Family (Cupuliferae). — Apetalous 

 trees or shrubs having alternate pinnately veined leaves, monoecious 

 flowers, the male in drooping aments, the female solitary, clustered, or 

 in scaly catkins. Fruit a one-celled one-seeded nut. The beech, oak 

 and chestnut, are the principal genera. 



The cork of commerce is obtained from the bark of Quercus Suber 

 and Quercus occidentalis, plants indigenous to Spain and France. 



Family 3. Betulace^ or Birch Family. — A famUy of trees or 

 shrubs distinguished by monoecious flowers with scaly bracts and 

 astringent resinous bark. Differs from Fagaceae by superior ovary 

 and absence of cupule. To this family belong the hazelnuts, birches, 

 alders, the ironwood, and the hornbean. 



Official drug Part used Botanical name 



Oleum Betulse Volatile oil Betula lenta 



Family 4. Juglandace^. — A family of apetalous exogenous trees 

 — the walnut family — with alternate odd-pinnate leaves and moncecious 

 flowers, the sterile in catkins, the fertile solitary or in a small cluster 

 or spike. The fruit is a dry drupe with a bony nut-shell and a four- 

 lobed seed. It embraces five genera, of which Cary (Hicoria) and 

 Juglans are represented in the United States, and about 35 species. 



Unofficial drug Part used Botanical name 



Juglans Root bark Juglans cinerea 



Family 5. Salicace^ or Willow Family.— A family of apetalous 

 shrubs or trees — the willow family — having alternate undivided leaves 

 and dioecious flowers (one to each bract) in catkins. It embraces two 

 genera — Salix, the willows, and Populus, the poplars — and from i8o 

 to 300 species, found chiefly in northern temperate and frigid regions, 

 there being none in Australia or the South Pacific islands. 



Official drug Part used Botanical name 



SaKcin Glucoside Several species of Salix and 



Populus 



