86 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



leaves, connected by interposed stipules, and perfect, often dimorphous, 

 flowers. It embraces 25 tribes, 375 genera, and 4500 species in all parts 

 of the world. 



Usually contain valuable alkaloids. 



Botanical name 



f Cinchona officinalis 

 { Cinchona Calisaya 

 ( Cinchona L edgeriana, arid hybrids 



Cinchona succirubra 

 / Cephaelis Ipecacuanha 

 \ Cephaelis acuminata 

 Ourouparia Gambir 

 ;ance Coffea arabica 



Family 2. Convolvulace^. — A large widely dispersed family of 

 gamopetalous, chiefly climbing herbs, rarely shrubs or trees — the con- 

 volvulus or bindweed family — with alternate leaves, and showy pen- 

 tamerous axillary flowers. It embraces about 36 genera and 870 species. 



Contains milky juices. 



Official drug Part used Botanical name 



Jalapa Tuberous root Exogonium Purga 



Scammonium Gum resin Convolvulus Scammonia 



Family 3. Valerianace^. — A family of gamopetalous herbs — 

 the valerian family — having opposite exstipulate leaves and cymes of 

 small often irregular flowers with stamens fewer than the corolla lobe, 

 and inserted on its tube. There are nine genera and 275 species. 

 Valeriana, the type genus, distinguished by its triandrous flowers, in- 

 cludes the common or oiScial valerian. 



Official drug Part used Botanical name 



•Valeriana Rhizome and roots Valeriana officinalis 



Family 4. Sapotace^e. — A family of gamopetalous plants — the 

 star-apple or the sapodilla family — being mainly trees or shrubs with 

 milky juice, alternate leathery leaves, and large flowers with perfect 

 stamens. It embraces 38 genera, and 400 species, all natives of the 

 warmer countries. 



An important resin-producing family. 



Unofficial drug Part used Botanical name 



Gutta-percha Concrete exudation Palaquium gutta 



