THE GYMNOSPERMS 



91 



Eupatorium 



Grindelia 



Lactucarium 

 Santonica 

 Oleum Erigerontis 



Unofficial 

 Pyrethri Flores 

 Carthamus 

 Cichorium 

 Inula 



Absinthium 

 Achillea 

 Tanacetum 



Leaves and flowering tops 



Leaves and flowering tops ^ 



Concrete milk juice 

 Uuexpanded flower heads 

 Volatile oil 



Flower heads 



Florets 



Root 



Root 



Leaves and flowering tops 



Leaves and flowering tops 



Leaves and flowering tops 



Eupatorium perfoliatum 

 Grindelia robusta 

 Grindelia squarrosa 

 Lactuca virosa 

 Artemisia pauciflora 

 Erigeron canadense 

 Chrysanthemum roseum 

 Chrysanthemum carneum 

 Carthamus tinctorius 

 Cichorium intybus 

 Inula Helenium 

 Artemisia Absinthium 

 Achillea millefolium 

 Tanacetum vulgare 



Family 18. HYDROPHYLLACEiE. — Herbaceous, shrubby, or arbor- 

 escent plants containing a watery, insipid juice and further characterized 

 by having hairy and toothed pinna tely compound leaves; scorpoid 

 inflorescences, and two-valved fruits. 



Official drug 

 Eriodictyon 



Part used 

 Leaves 



Botanical name 



Eriodictyon californicum 



Family 19. Cucurbitace^. — A natural family of usually succu- 

 lent tendril-bearing dicotyledonous herbs — the gourd famUy — with 

 climbing or prostate stems, simple plamately veined alternate leaves, 

 moncecious or dioecious, rarely gamopetalous flowers, and a large, 

 fleshy, usually three-celled fruit. It embraces 86 genera and about 

 630 species, mostly found in the tropics. 



Official drug 

 Pepo 



Colocynthis 

 Elaterinum 



Part used 

 Seed 



Peeled dried fruit 

 Neutral principle 



Botanical name 

 Cucurbita Pepo 

 CitruUus Colocynthis 

 EcbaUium Elaterium 



SUBDIVISION II.— THE GYMNOSPERMS 



The Gymnosperms comprise an ancient and historic group of plants 

 which were more numerous in the Paleozoic and Carboniferous periods 

 than now. They differ from the Angiosperms mainly in their seeds 

 being exposed. Most of their number are evergreens, retaining their 

 leaves throughout the year, important exceptions being the Larches 

 which drop their foliage upon the advent of winter. 



The groups still extant are the Cycads or Fern Palms, the Gnetums, 

 the Ginkgos, and the Conifers. Of these the Conifers are of most 



