92 



PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY 



pharmaceutic importance. This, the largest group of Gymnosperms, 

 includes the pines, firs, spruces, hemlocks, junipers, balsams, cedars, 

 and arbor ^'ita^. The following Gymnospermous plants yield products 

 of pharmaceutic and medicinal value: 



Fig. 38. — Inflorescences of the pine. 1. Terminal ' twig ; 2. ovulate 

 staminate cone; 4. two-year-old cone. {FromJIamaker.) 



cone; 3. 



Botanical name 

 Pinus strotius 

 Pinus palustris 

 Pinus glabra 

 Pinus echinata 

 Pinus tseda and | 



other species of Pinus J 

 Abies balsamea 

 Larix decidua 



Picea excelsa (Abies excelsa) 

 Tsuga occidentalis 

 Juniperus Oxycedrus 

 Junipcrus communis 

 Juniperus Sabina 

 Callitris quadrivalvis 

 Pinus sylvestris 



Products 

 White pine bark 



Turpentine, rosin and tar 



Balsam of fir 



Venice turpentine 



Burgundy pitch 



Volatile oil 



Oil of cade 



Juniper berries and volatile oil 



Tops and volatile oil of savin 



Sandarac 



Volatile oil 



