2l6 



HOUSES FOR CARNATION GROWING 



piece the rafters, owing to the size of the house, this is 

 done over the columns and it simply means a butt splice 

 where the strain is less and easier to take care of. The 

 footings of these rafters, which are shown in the cut, are 

 embedded in a concrete pier. Circular or pipe columns are 

 used, as the strain on such a column is spread equally in all 



directions, consequently 



the members should be 



equally stiff in all direc- 

 tions. The one objection 



to the pipe column is that 



it rusts on the inside, but 



this has been entirely over 



come by steeping the col- 

 umns in paint before ship- 

 ping, or by galvanizing, 



which is preferable. The 



cast iron anchor base for 



these is also illustrated. 



Some growers prefer the 



angle or I-shaped columns. 



The objection to these 



angles is that it is almost 



impossible to get a uniform 



section so that its resistance 

 Cast-Iron ^° strain is not equal in 

 "^Base"* different directions. This 



leads to a certain vibration 

 in one direction, which is objectionable. All braces are 

 put together before being shipped from the factory, which 

 facilitates the work of erection and also reduces to a 

 minimum any possibility of inferior workmanship of which 

 however, no reputable firm would be guilty 



Column Strongly 

 Bolted and Clamped 

 TO Base and Iron Sill 



