143 



SECTION 7. J ORDINARY LEAVES. 55 



Entire, when their general outline is completely filled out, so that the 

 margin is an even line, without teeth or notches. 



Serrate, or Saw-toothed, when the margin only is cut into sharp teeth, 

 like those of a saw, and pointing forwards : as in Fig. 142. 



Dentate, or Toothed, 

 when such teeth point 

 outwards, instead of 

 forwards ; as in Jig. 

 143. 



Crenate, or Seal- 

 loped, when the teeth 

 are broad and round- 

 ed ; as in Fig. 144. 



Bepand, Undulate, \ 

 or Wavy, when the \ 

 margin of the leaf \ x 

 forms a wavy line, ^ 

 bending slightly in- 

 wards and outwards in succession; as in Fig. 145. 



Sinuate, when the margin is more strongly sinuous or turned inwards 

 and outwards ; as in Fig. 146. 



Incised, Cut, or Jagged, when the margin is cut into sharp, deep, and 

 irregular teeth or incisions ; as in Fig. 147. 



Lobed, when deeply cut. Then the pieces are in a general way called 

 Lobes. The number of the lobes is briefly expressed by the phrase two- 

 lobed, three-lobed,five-lobed, many-lobed, etc., as the case may be. 



140. When the depth and character of the lobing needs to be more par- 

 ticularly specified, the following terms are employed, viz. : — 



lobed, in a special sense, when the incisions do not extend deeper than 

 about half-way between the margin and the centre of the blade, if so far, 

 and are more or less rounded ; as in the leaves of the Post-Oak, Fig. 148, 

 and the Hepatica, Fig. 152. _ • 



Cleft, when the incisions extend half way down or more, and especially 

 when they are sharp; as in Fig. 149, 153. And the phrases two-cleft, or, 

 in the Latin form, bifid, three-cleft or trifid, four-cleft or quadrifid, five- 

 cleft or quinquefid, etc., or many -cleft, in the Latin form, multifid,— express 

 the number of the Segments, or portions. 



Parted, when the incisions are still deeper, but yet do not quite reach 

 to the midrib or the base of the blade; as in Fig. 150, 154. And 

 the terms two-parted, three-parted, etc., express the number of such 

 divisions. 



Divided, when the incisions extend quite to the midrib, as in the lower 

 part of Fig. 151, or to the leaf-stalk, as in Fig. 155 ; which really makes the 



Flo. 142-147. Kinds of margin of leaves. 



