72 VIOLET FAMILY. 



= = = Rootstock long and slender, extensively creeping; spur almost as 

 long as the beardless petals. 



V. Selkfrkii, Pursh. Selkirk's V. Small, only 2' high, the rounded, 

 heart-shaped leaves spreading flat on the ground ; the flower large in pro- 

 portion ; on shady banks, only N. 



*+ *+ Flowers (smalt) white, the lower petal purplish-veined. 



V. blanda, Willd. Sweet White V. Very common, with faintly 

 sweet-scented flowers ; petals mostly beardless ; leaves rounded heart- 

 shaped or kidney-shaped. 



V. primulaefdlia, Linn. Primrose-leaved V. Between the last and 

 next, has oblong or ovate leaves, abrupt or cordate at base ; petals spar- 

 ingly bearded. Toward the coast. 



V. lanceolata, Linn. Lance-leaved V. Leaves lanceolate, tapering 

 into long petioles ; petals beardless. Commonest E. and S. 



■w. -M- ++ Flowers yellow ; lateral petals with brown veins. 



V. rotundifdlia, Michx. Round-leaved V. Leaves roundish, heart- 

 shaped, flat on the ground, becoming large and shining in summer ; spreads 

 by runners ; flowers small. In cold woods N., and S. in Alleghanies. 



* * Leapy-stemmed Violets, wild, perennial ; flowering in spring and 



summer ; stipules not leaf-like. 



*- Stipules entire ; spur very short. 

 ** Stems 2-fi-leaved above, naked below ; flowers yellow, short-spurred. 



V. pubescens, Ait. Downy Yellow V. Soft-downy, also a rather 

 smooth variety; leaves broadly heart-shaped; stipules large. Woods, 

 common. 



V. hastata, Michx. Halberd-leaved V. Smoother ; leaves halberd- 

 shaped or oblong-heart-shaped ; stipules small. Scarce W. and S. 



++ ++ Stems more leafy ; flowers white and violet. 



V. Canadensis, Linn. Canada V. Common in rich woods N. and 

 W. ; l°-2° high, large-leaved ; flowers all summer ; the petals white or 

 purplish above, the upper ones violet-purple underneath ; spur very short 

 and blunt. 



■>- -i- Stipules fringe-toothed ; spur oblong to cylindrical; flowers white 



or violet. 



V. striata, Ait. PaleV. Low; flowers creamy- white, with lower petal 

 purple-lined ; spur short ; stipules large in proportion. Not rare N. and W. 



V. rostrata, Pursh. Long-spurred V. .6' high, and slender spur 

 longer than the pale violet, beardless petals. " Fields N. and W. ' 



V. canlna, Linn. Dog V., the Amer. variety (var. Muhlenbergii, 

 Gray). Low, with creeping branches or short runners ; spur cylindric, 

 half the length of the violet flower ; lateral petals slightly bearded ; com- 

 mon in low grounds. 



* * * Pansy Violets, from Europe, with leafy and branching stems and 



large, leaf-like stipules ; flowering through the spring and summer. 



V. tricolor, Linn. Pansy or Heart's-ease. Cult, or running wild in 

 gardens, low, with roundish leaves or the upper oval and lowest heart- 

 shaped ; stipules lyrate-pinnatifid ; petals of various colors, and often 

 variegated, and under cultivation often very large and showy, the spur 

 short and blunt. Var. arvGnsis, is a field variety, slender and small- 

 flowered, thoroughly naturalized in some places. (I) @ % 



V. cornuta, Linn. Horned V. Sometimes cult, in borders ; has stipules 

 merely toothed, and light violet-purple flowers with a very long and 

 slender spur. % Pyrenees. 



