SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. 165 



II. Shrubs, with simple leaves (includes plants which have 

 been ranked in 2 or 3 different families). None of the follow- 

 ing have stipules, except Eibes. Seeds numerous. 



* Leaves opposite. Calyx-tube wholly coherent with the top-shaped or hemispherical 



ovary, but not at all extended beyond it. 



-t- Stamens only twice 'as many as the petals, 8 or 10. 



7. DEUTZIA. Flowers all alike and perfect, more or less panicled, showy. Lobes of the 



calyx 5. Petals 5, valvate, with the edges turned inwards. . Filaments flat, the 5 

 alternate ones longer, commonly with a tooth or fork on each side next the top. 

 Styles 8-5, slender. Pod 3-5-celled. 



8. HYDRANGEA. Flowers in cymes, commonly of two sorts, the marginal ones (or in 



high-cultivated plants almost all) enlarged and neutral, consisting of the corolla-like 

 calyx only (Lessons, p. 78, Fig. 214) ; the others perfect, with a 4-5-toothed calyx, as 

 many small petals valvate in the bud, and twice as many stamens with slender 

 filaments. Styles 2-5, diverging. Ovary 2-5-celled, becoming- a small pod which 

 opens at the top between the styles. 



+- 4-. Stamens indefinite, 20-40. 



9. DECTTMARIA. Flowers small, in a compound terminal cyme. Calyx minutely 7-10- 



toothed. Style thick. Petals 7-tO, valvate in the bud. Pod small, top-shaped, 

 many-ribbed, bursting at the sides between the ribs. 



10. PHILADELPHTTS. Flowers showy, often corymbed or panicled. Calyx with 4 or 5 



valvate lobes. Petals 4 or 5, broad, convolute in the bud. Styles 3-5, usually some- 

 what united below. Ovary S-5-celled, becoming a pod, which splits at length into 



as many pieces. _ 



* * Leaves alternate. 



11. ITEA. Leaves pinnately veined, not lobed. Flowers in a raceme. Calyx nearly free 



from the 2-celled ovary, 5-cleft. Petals lanceolate, much longer than the calyx, and 

 inserted along with the 5 stamens near its base. Pod slender, 2-celled, splitting 

 through the style and the partition. 



12. RIBES. Leaves palmately veined and lobed ; sometimes with narrow stipules united 



with the base of the petiole. Calyx with its tube cohering with the ovary, and often 

 extended beyond it, the 5 lobes usually colored like the petals. Petals and stamens 

 each 5, on the throat of the calyx, the former small and mostly erect. Styles 2 or 

 partly united into one ; ovary 1-celled with 2 parietal placenta, in fruit becoming a 

 juicy berry, crowned with the shriveled remains of the rest of the flower. 



1. SAXIFRAGA, SAXIFRAGE. (Latin name, rock-breaker: many- 

 species rooting in the clefts of rocks.) Besides the following there are 

 a number of rare or local wild species, y. 



# Leaves all clustered at the root; the naked scape clammy above and 

 bearing many small whitish flowers in a panicle or cyme, the 2 ovaries 

 united barely at the base, making at length a pair of nearly separate, 

 divergent pods. Wild species. 



S. Virginie'nsis, Michx. Early S. On rocks and moist banks ; 

 with obovate or wedge-spatulate, thickish, more or less toothed leaves in 

 an open cluster ; scape 3'-9' high, bearing in early spring white flowers in 

 a dense cluster, which at length opens into a loose panicled cyme ; calyx 

 not half the length of the petals ; pods turning purple. 



S. Peimsylvdnica, Linn. Swamp S. In low, wet ground N". j with 

 lance-oblong or oblanceolate obtuse leaves (4'-8' long), obscurely toothed 

 and narrowed into a very short, broad petiole ; scape l°-2° high, bearing 

 small greenish flowers in an oblong cluster, opening with age into a looser 

 panicle (in spring) ; the reflexed lobes of the calyx as long as the lance- 

 linear petals. 



