HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. 211 



3. SAMBUCUS, ELDER. (From Greek name of an ancient musical 

 instrument, supposed to have been made of Elder stalks.) § 



* Flowers in a flatfish cyme. 



S. Canadensis, Linn. Common Elder. Stems woody only towards 

 the base, 5°-6° high, with white pith ; 7-11 oblong smooth or smoothish 

 leaflets, the lowermost often 3-parted ; flowers scentless., in early summer ; 

 fruit small, black-purple, Rich soils. 



S. nigra, Linn. European E. Taller and more woody (where hardy), 

 the leaflets usually 5, oblong-oval or ovate-lanceolate ; flowers larger, 

 faintly sweet scented ; fruit black. Cult, from Eu., chiefly in the form of 

 golden-leaved, variegated, and cut-leaved varieties. 



* * Flowers in a pyramidal panicle or thyrse. 



3. racemdsa, Linn. Red E. Rocky woods chiefly N., with woody 

 stems and warty bark ; yellow-brown pith ; few lanceolate leaflets downy 

 underneath ; berries bright red. Blooms in early spring. 



4. LINN.E3A, TWIN FLOWER. (Linnxus.) % 



L. borealis, Gronov. Stems creeping, bearing round-oval and sparingly 

 crenate, somewhat hairy, small leaves, and in early summer the sweet- 

 scented pretty flowers ; corolla purple and whitish, hairy inside. Mossy 

 woods and cold bogs N. 



5. TRIOSTEUM, FEVERWORT, HORSE GENTIAN. (Greek for 

 three bones, from the 3 bony seeds or stones.) The root has been used in 

 medicine, and the seeds for coffee. In rich soil ; flowering early summer. 



T. perfoliatum, Linn. Softly hairy, 2°-4° high, with oval leaves 

 abruptly narrowed at base, and brownish, purple flowers in clusters ; the 

 common species. 



T. angustifdlium, Linn. Smaller and bristly-hairy, with narrower 

 lanceolate leaves more tapering at base, and greenish or cream-colored 

 flowers, mostly solitary. Va. to 111., S. and W. 



6. SYMPHORICARPOS. (Greek : crowded fruits.) Wild on rocky 

 banks, and cult, for the ornamental, insipid berries. Flowers white or 

 slightly rose-color, produced all summer. 



S. racemdsus, Michx. Snowberry. Clusters of flowers in inter- 

 rupted leafy spikes (rather than racemes) terminating the branches ; 

 corolla bearded within ; style (as in the next) glabrous ; berries snow- 

 white in autumn. N. Eng., S. and W. Common in gardens. 



S. occidentalis, Hook. Wolfberry. Flowers in dense terminal 

 and axillary spikes ; corolla larger than in the last, much bearded within ; 

 berries white. Mich., W. 



S. vulgaris, Michx. Coral Berry, Indian Currant. Short clus- 

 ters of flowers in the axils of most of the leaves ; corolla slightly bearded, 

 but style prominently so ; berries small, dark-red. N. Y., W. and S. 



7. LONICERA, HONEYSUCKLE, WOODBINE. (Named for an old 

 German herbalist, Lonitzer, latinized Lonicerus.) 



§ 1. Fly Honeysuckles, upright or straggling bushes, never twining, 

 with leaves all distinct to the base, and a pair of flowers on the summit 

 of an axillary peduncle, the 2 berries sometimes united into 1. 



* Four large leafy bracts surrounding 2 cylindrical (f ' long) yellowish 



flowers. 



L. involucrata, Banks. Wild from Lake Superior to Cal., and spar- 

 ingly planted ; shrub 2°-5° high, downy when young, with ovate or 



