COMPOSITE FAMILY. 247 



II II Leaves longer-petioled, coarsely serrate. 



H. decapdtalus, Linn. So named because (like the preceding) it 

 commonly has 10 rays ; stems branching, 3°-6° high ; leaves thin and 

 bright-green, smoothish, ovate, coarsely toothed and abruptly contracted 

 into margined petioles ; scales of the involucre long and loose. 



H. MULTiFLbitus, Linn, of gardens, unknown wild, is probably a 

 modified form of the last. The heads are 2'-4' across and double ; i.e. all 

 the disk flowers ligulate. / 



H. tuberdsus, Linn. Jerusalem Artichoke (i.e. Girasole or Sun- 

 flower in Italian, corrupted in England into Jerusalem); cult, for the 

 tubers, and run wild in fence rows ; also native, Penn. W. and S.; 5°-7° 

 high, with triple-ribbed ovate petioled leaves, rough-hairy as well as the 

 stems, all the upper ones alternate, the running rootstocks ending in 

 ovate or oblong edible tubers. (Lessons, Fig. 101.) 



40. VERBESINA, CROWN-BEARD. (Name obscure.) Ours are 

 tall (4°-7° high) branching herbs, in rich soil, with compound corymbs 

 of small heads. % (p. 227.) 



V. occidentalis, Walt. Stems 4-winged ; leaves smoothish, large and 

 thin, ovate and opposite pointed, at both ends ; flowers yellow ; akenes 

 wingless. Penn. to 111. and S. 



V. Virgfnica, Linn. Of like range, has stem less winged, smaller 

 lance-ovate alternate leaves soft-downy beneath, white flowers, and 

 narrowly winged akenes. 



41. ACTINOMERIS. (Greek : alluding to the irregularity of the rays 

 in the commonest species.) % (p. 227.) 



A. squarrdsa, Nutt. Stems branching, 4°-8° high ; leaves lance- 

 oblong, tapering to both ends ; heads numerous, corymbed ; spreading 

 involucre ; 4-10 irregular rays, and broadly winged akenes ; flowers Sept. 

 N. Y., W. and S. 



42. DAHLIA. (Named for a Swedish professor, Dahl, contemporary 

 with Linnaeus.) y. (p. 227.) 



D. rari&bilis, Desf. Common Dahlia. Leaves pinnate, with ovate 

 serrate leaflets ; heads large, much increased in size and altered, of all 

 colors ; the ray flowers pistillate ; roots fascicled and tuberous (Lessons, 

 Fig. 87). Mexico. 



D. cocclnea, Cav. Ray flowers scarlet and neutral ; the disk flowers 

 yellow ; outer involucral bracts 6, reflexed. Mexico. 



43. COREOPSIS, TICKSEED. (From Greek for bug, from the shape 

 of the akenes.) Many wild species ; several cult, for ornament, being 

 known as Calliopsis. (See Lessons, Figs. 268, 269, 290, 291.) (p. 227.) 



§ 1. Mays broad, coarsely 3-5-toothed; outer involucre not longer than 

 the inner; akenes orbicular or oval, incurved when mature. Chiefly 

 cultivated. 



* ® © Disk flowers and lower part of the rays dark-colored or brown- 

 purple ; akenes in these species wingless and nearly naked at top ; leaves 

 compound. . 



C. tinctdria, Nutt. The commonest species of country gardens ; smooth, 

 with lower leaves twice-pinnately divided into narrow leaflets, numerous 

 heads, and lower half or sometimes almost the whole of rays brown- 

 purple ; in one variety they are changed to tubes. Minn., S. 



